Improvement of Operational Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Examine about the Improvement of Operational Management identified with Fakir Fashion Limited Case Study. Answer: Presentation Operational administration is alluded to as one of the most significant activities that is carefully required to be embraced by any business association to build their income structure. This specific examination paper centers around those elements those are important to improve the operational administration of an organization in the RMG (Ready Made Garments) segment named as Fakir Fashion Limited. This report portrays the productivity of operational administration that may improve the operational exhibition in the RMG (Ready Made Garments) segment of Bangladesh in Fakir Fashion Limited. Various reasons have been distinguished by the framework designers while breaking down the compelling components of creation effectiveness in the piece of clothing segment of Bangladesh. In the event that legitimate instruments and advances are not utilized, at that point the organizations will neglect to meet the mutual objective of the business association. Operational components may influence both decidedly just as contrarily the exhibition of a business association (Dessler, Sutherland and Cole 2005). It has been discovered that the article of clothing fabricating industry of Bangladesh is confronting distinctive material and creation level issues all through and so as to alleviate the issues the organization ought to improve the operational administration so the hierarchical presentation inside the RMG (Ready Made Garments) division could be upgraded, these are noticeably explained in this exploration paper. Balanced for the picked subject Due to the multidisciplinary idea of operational administration, the vast majority of the occasions the individuals from the supervisory group of various business association neglect to comprehend the job of operational administration and techniques also. Be that as it may, the capacity of operational administration frames the lynchpin of organizations everywhere throughout the world. Considering the setting of creation and administrations also it is resolved that with the assistance of operational administration the sources of info could be proficiently changed over to powerful yields (Richard et al. 2009). The legitimate standard for operational administration in Fakir Fashion Limited is as per the following: Reality guideline: It has been discovered that not all the requirement hypotheses, lean standards and the Total Quality Management (TQM) could alleviate all distinguished association level issues. Authoritative rule: Manufacturing is alluded to as one of the significant arrangement of interconnected procedures (Akhter 2014). Be that as it may, on the off chance that any kind of changes happen in a solitary procedure, on the other hand gigantic issue may happen. Responsibility standard: The money administrator of the hierarchical administration authority chooses the complete spending that is expected to improve a whole venture. Task gauge and stock level precision is the principle factors those are should have been considered before improving the operational administration of the piece of clothing producing organization. Variable thought: Before sending of the venture it is vital for the administration position to distinguish two distinct factors of the specific task and for this exploration the autonomous variable is effectiveness of operational administration and the reliant variable is the exhibition of the business association (Dessler, Sutherland and Cole 2005). It has been recognized that the presentation of an association is subject to the exhibition of each person. Standard for progress: In request to increase quantifiable achievement structure the serious commercial center it is important to characterize all comprises of accomplishment. Change guideline: After considering both the long haul and momentary steadiness the administrator ought to introduce certain disciplinary procedure and techniques also Sourced to be utilized For improving the operational administration the sources to be utilized by Fakir Fashion Limited are as per the following: Resource enhancement Procedure improvement Venture execution Flexibly chain the board Client relationship the executives Stock administration Wellbeing execution Examination question How the current operational administration procedures and instruments utilized in Fakir Fashion Limited could be improved? The apparatus advancements, contenders and the monetary quality of the organization are productive to the organization or not? Regardless of whether the gracefully chain the executives utilized by the organization is gainful enough from the business viewpoints or not? Examination targets To recognize the operational instruments and systems those are important to improve the presentation of Fakir Fashion Limited. To explore on the assets those ought to be used to improve the current authoritative structure To dissect the operational variables for improving the administration and execution of Fakir Fashion Limited. Meaning of the title Writing audit is alluded to as a book insightful paper that holds set of current information alongside considerable discoveries. This optional asset additionally incorporates methodological and hypothetical commitment from the exploratory resultant done by various creators. Be that as it may, this audit does exclude the exploratory resultant and new reports legitimately in the paper. Significance of the title Fakir Fashion Limited, a Bangladesh based, readymade piece of clothing industry, was set up in the time of 2016, first April. According to the created rules and strategy the organization is confronting quantifiable advantages from the serious commercial center. Nonetheless, the obligations that are partitioned for all the representatives are not practiced precisely by them, in this manner the organization is confronting significant level issues from the serious market (Dessler, Sutherland and Cole 2005). So as to relieve propositions issues appropriate operational administration for improving the hierarchical presentation of Fakir Fashion Limited are should have been actualized. Clarification of operational administration As indicated by Richard et al. (2009), these days operational administration is one of the most broadly utilized disciplinary variables for different associations. Both the outside and inward changes happening in organizations are decidedly and adversely affecting the activity of the business associations. So as to accomplish the exploration destinations of an association it is important to amplify the market an incentive with upper hands with endurance methodologies. Then again Rubel (2015) expressed that, loads of heterogeneous exercises are remembered for the operational administration considered by a business association. These exercises are required to be reached appropriately, for example, successfully and proficiently by thinking about the earth of the association. Spekle and Verbeeten (2014) expressed that the multifaceted nature of various business associations and operational exercises must not harm and pain the business condition. So as to arrive at the vital objectives an d goals it is a lot of important to improve the item fabricating as far as essential administrations (Chaudhry and Faran 2015). The strategies for activity the board and hierarchical maintainability natural assurance are should have been conveyed. Upgrade of activity the executives So as to accomplish the essential objectives of the associations as far as administration and item it is important to make legitimate harmony between the information and yield of the framework. Two distinct classifications are there for inputs like material and data while; creation and administrations are the yield for the administration framework. As indicated by Rahman and Qi (2016) asset change is alluded to as a transformation procedure, where sources of info are the workers and handling gear then again the yields are the creation and administrations. The primary focal point of activity the board is to fulfill the shoppers with key devices and advancements. Consistent upper hands and propelled showcase systems are the two principle factors those are should have been considered by the administration authority of any business association to improve their current business condition. Figure 1: Components of authoritative execution (Source: Asgari and Hoque 2013, pp-54) Operational administration is an alluded to as blend of both craftsmanship and science that were dated in the pre industrialization stage (Akter 2016). The operational administration incorporates arranging, sourcing, financing just as item circulation keeping up each individual components of the activity. Todays operational administration and the conventional operational administration are totally not quite the same as one another (Rahman, Hossain and Hasan 2016). So as to improve the nature of creation with great material and good innovation, various components of authoritative execution are should have been considered by the administration authority of organizations. The absolute expense and time designated for planning and material handling can be diminished with appropriate operational administration (Quddus and Ahsan 2014). Determination of legitimate workshop design and creative reasoning are a piece of the operational administration. Operational administration of a business as sociation incorporates the beneath measures and administrative elements: Inventive items could be structured; those are useful to make separation between the selected organization and its rivals. It gives appropriately taught, prepared just as committed workers those are useful to decrease the all out time, cost and waste too (Nyakwara, Shiundu and George 2014). It offers enough budgetary help to the representatives and friends the board power to make profit required assets. It assists with making a totally conveyed arrange for the representatives who have been working for the organization all through. Elements of operational administration As indicated by Rahim (2017) the three primary elements of operational administration are information sources, yields and change process. The contributions for readymade piece of clothing producing organizations are data, material, staffs, customers, office, capital help and vitality. Then again, the yields of activity m

Antigone Essays (566 words) - Leadership, , Term Papers

Antigone ? ? ?Research papers An extraordinary pioneer is somebody who seems, by all accounts, to be extremely valuable. Incredible pioneer is the primary case of his kin; he ought to have the qualities of better expectations in this way forming his adherents into something better. Uncommon pioneers need to have relational abilities to comprehend what the adherents anticipate from him. You fill in as a persuasive good example for your players and all that you do will be viewed. Vince Lombardi says, Leaders are made, they are not conceived; and they are made simply like whatever else has each been made in this nation - by difficult work. (Sugarman). Incredible pioneer must be viewed as being extraordinary not really being one. Machiavelli proposes this thought in D1. To appear to have the characteristics is essential instead of having the characteristics without the individuals thinking about them. This is valid for all pioneers not simply political. D1 proposes adaptability is required, ? be that as it may, you s hould have the brain so arranged that when it is needful to be else you might have the option to change to the contrary characteristics. Adaptability is significant; the pioneer all things considered needs to give the individuals what they need fulfilling the greater part. D1 says that extraordinary pioneers are in some cases committed to do abhorrent whenever obliged without going amiss based on what is acceptable (if conceivable), ? being regularly committed, so as to keep up the state, to act against confidence, against noble cause? Correspondence and timing are significant. Extraordinary pioneers are incredible when they get something across to the adherents that the supporters need to hear, there is a reasonable comprehension from the two sides. The extraordinary pioneer is an ace in the specialty of correspondence. The person knows about the solid requirement for activities to coordinate words. Pioneers need to have an eagerness to tune in to enter with a receptive outlook. (S ugarman), Leadership is tied in with building associations. Powerful pioneers cause individuals to feel they share a stake practically speaking issues. (Goodwin). Extraordinary pioneers are acceptable with timing; Timing is (nearly) everything. Realizing when to present an activity, when to go before one's constituents - and when to hold off - is a vital expertise. (Goodwin). Pioneers must think about their kin (and obviously give them that they give it a second thought): A pioneer who doesn't spare a moment before he sends his country into fight isn't fit to be a pioneer (a statement of Golda Meir) (Spanoudis). This sets a model for the adherents to think about their pioneer as well. Everyone sees what you have all the earmarks of being?, says D1, suggesting that appearance is significant. Appearance is a central point of being an incredible pioneer. The pioneer realizes he is decided by his appearance in this manner he attempts to show up true to form. D1 likewise says, A ruler mu st take incredible consideration that nothing leaves his mouth which isn't brimming with the above-named five characteristics?. The individuals judge by what they see and by what they hear, most don't feel what their pioneer is, everyone sees what he has all the earmarks of being? Extraordinary pioneers exceed expectations in the specialty of correspondence, timing, introducing certainty, and indicating believability on a reliable premise. To have just great characteristics as a pioneer is perilous; the pioneer once in a while needs to do hurt whenever compelled to do as such so as to keep up his state. An incredible pioneer must be savvy and dedicated, set models and show up as what the individuals need him to be! Shakespeare

MIT (Maker) Women Rock

MIT (Maker) Women Rock As many of you know I am a FIRST Robotics nut and Kool-Aid drinking member of the Kult of Kamen. One of the (many) things Dean Kamen has said that has always resonated with me is that we are what we celebrate. Celebrity is fundamentally heroic; even our most tragic celebrity narratives (#winning) still construct the archetypes we pattern ourselves after. This is an issue Ive written about before in other venues on the subject of gridiron football amidst a growing body of evidence that football causes traumatic brain injury, the NFL continues to sell photos of big hits and stupid sportswriters continue to laud players who play through injury. What we celebrate, and whom we praise as heroes, becomes what we want to become. Deans point was that we spend too much time celebrating athletes, musicians, and movie stars and not enough time celebrating technologists and engineers. I agree with him. And I agree especially in the case of women. Ive posted blog entries before about women at MIT, because we have great women here studying in fields especially STEM in which women have been historically underrepresented. Why have women been underrepresented? Well, there are many reasons, reasons too complex to discuss in a PhD dissertation, let alone a blog post. But one of them is best summed up by this SMBC cartoon: And another, related reason is that public role models for women have rarely been scientists and engineers. This isnt to say that there havent been terrific women in STEM just that, as with Rosalind Franklin, they often havent been as recognized as they should have been. They havent been celebrated. As one blogger pointed out, look at any magazine rack and you can see what popular culture celebrates in women: Wait, hang onwhats that on the cover of WIRED? From Makezine: Engineer, kit maker, entrepreneur, MAKE advisory board member, open source hardware pioneer Limor Ladyada Fried is on April’s WIRED cover. This is the first female engineer to appear WIRED’s cover (as well as the first female engineer to appear on such a high-profile tech publication that I can recall). Ladyada owns. Shes credited by many with being responsible for driving the arduino revolution. She also runs her own business, creates elaborate engineering tutorials and epic electronics projects. And oh yeah, she got her undergraduate and graduate degrees in electrical engineering and computer science from MIT, with a totally kickass thesis project on Social Defense Mechanisms: In contemporary Western society, electronic devices are becoming so prevalent that many people find themselves surrounded by technologies they find frustrating or annoying. The electronics industry has little incentive to address this complaint; I designed two counter-technologies to help people defend their personal space from unwanted electronic intrusion. Both devices were designed and prototyped with reference to the culture-jamming “Design Noir” philosophy. The first is a pair of glasses that darken whenever a television is in view. The second is low- power RF jammer capable of preventing cell phones or similarly intrusive wireless devices from operating within a user’s personal space. By building functional prototypes that reflect equal consideration of technical and social issues, I identify three attributes of Noir products: Personal empowerment, participation in a critical discourse, and subversion. Congrats, Ladyada, for being on the cover of WIRED. You own. And, more importantly, you give me cause to believe that perhaps we are celebrating the right things. For the first time in a long time, Deans axiom is itself cause for celebration.

Passive Voice Usage and Examples for ESL/EFL

The passive voice in English is used to express what is done to someone or something. Here are a few examples: The company was sold for $5 million.That novel was written by Jack Smith in 1912.My house was built in 1988. In each of these sentences, the subject of the sentences does nothing. Rather, something is done to the subject of the sentence. In each case, the focus is on the object of an action. These sentences could also be written in the active voice. The owners sold the company for $5 million.Jack Smith wrote the novel in 1912.A construction company built my house in 1988. Choosing Passive Voice The passive voice is used to place focus on the object rather than the subject. In other words, who does something is less important than what was done to something (focusing on the person or thing affected by an action). Generally speaking, the passive voice is used less frequently  than the active voice. That said, the passive voice is  useful  to switch the focus from  who  is doing something to  what  is being done, which makes it especially useful in business settings when the focus is placed on a product. By using the passive, the product becomes the focus of the sentence. As you can see from these examples, this makes a stronger statement than using the active voice. Computer chips are manufactured in our plant in Hillsboro.Your car will be polished with the finest wax.Our pasta is made using only the finest ingredients.   Here are some other example  sentences that a business might change to the passive form in order to change focus: We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years.  (active voice)Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.  (passive voice)My colleagues and I develop software for financial institutions.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(active voice)Our software is developed for financial institutions.  (passive voice) Study the passive voice below and then practice your writing skills by changing passive sentences to active sentences, or vice versa. Passive Voice Sentence Structure Passive subject to be past  participle Note that the verb be is conjugated followed by the participle form of the main verb.   The house was built in 1989.My friend is being interviewed today.The project has been completed recently.   The passive voice follows the same usage rules as all the  tenses in English. However, some tenses tend not to be used in the passive voice. Generally speaking, perfect continuous tenses are not used in the passive voice. Using the Agent   The person or people taking an action are referred to as the agent. If the agent (the person or people performing an action) is not important for understanding, the agent can be left out. Here are some examples: The dogs have already been fed. (Its not important who fed the dogs)The children will be taught basic math. (Its clear that a teacher will teach the children)The report will have been finished by the end of next week. (Its not important who completes the report) In some cases, its important to know the agent. In this case, use the preposition by to express the agent following the passive structure. This structure is especially common when speaking about artistic works such as paintings, books, or music. The Flight to Brunnswick was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.This model was developed by Stan Ishly for our production team.   Passive Used With Transitive Verbs Transitive verbs are verbs that can take an object. Here are some examples: We assembled the car in less than two hours.I wrote the report last week.   Intransitive verbs do not take an object: She arrived early.The accident happened last week.   Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive voice. In other words, the passive voice is used only with transitive verbs.   We assembled the car in less than two hours.  (active voice)The car was assembled in less than two hours.  (passive voice)I wrote the report last week.  (active voice)The report was written last week.  (passive voice) Passive Voice Structure Examples Here are examples of some of the most common tenses used in the passive voice: Active Voice Passive Voice Verb Tense They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne. Present Simple Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan Present Continuous James Joyce wrote "Dubliners". "Dubliners" was written by James Joyce. Past Simple They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived. Past Continuous They have produced over 20 models in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years. Present Perfect They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built in Portland. Future Intention with Going to I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow. Future Simple Passive Voice Quiz   Test your knowledge by Conjugating the verbs in parentheses in the passive voice. Pay close attention to the time expressions for  clues on tense usage: Our house ______________ (paint) brown and black last week.The project ______________ (complete) next week by our outstanding marketing department.  The plans for the new contract  __________________ (draw up) right now.  More than 30,000 new computers _________________ (manufacture) every day at our plant in China.  The children ________________ (teach) by Ms Anderson since last year.The piece ________________ (write) by Mozart when he was only six years old.My hair ______________ (cut) by Julie every month.The portrait _______________ (paint) by a famous painter, but Im not sure when.  The cruise  ship ______________ (christen) by Queen Elizabeth in 1987.My paper ______________ (deliver) every morning by a teenager on his bike. Answers: was paintedwill be completed/is going to be completed  are being drawn upare manufacturedhave been taughtwas writtenis cutwill be painted  was christenedis delivered

Religion and New Age Movements - 968 Words

Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess the view that most people today see spirituality and religious belief as purely private and personal matters. In society today religion can be seen in two different ways, as a private and personal matter or something to share with your community. Some sociologists would argue that religion and spirituality is a private matter because of televangelism, which is where people watch their religions services on television or go on online churches in the comfort and privacy of their own home when we have free time but other sociologists argue that this does not mean that religion and spirituality is a private matter, but that we have to use televangelism due to the fact we live in a postmodern†¦show more content†¦This gives us greater choice between what we believe in and what we don’t. There are many methodological problems with measuring whether religion has become privatized, on of these problems is that ‘ how do you measure how many religious organisations there are?’ this is a problem because it is near impossible to count every single religious organisation in the world because of the amount of cults and sects that exist that not everybody may know about. Sociologists argue that there has been a decrease on the number of religious organisations, and therefore religious belief is decreasing, but they do not take into account that it may not be religious belief that is declining, but that lack of funding has meant that the religious beliefs could not remain forcing people into practise privately, Also, how do you define what a religious organisation is. Another problem with measuring whether religion has become privatised is that you can’t know what people are thinking, just because they don’t visit a religious organisation, it doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t necessarily mean that they are not religious, they may just not have the time to visit the organisation so instead use things like televangelism to practise at home. Also, just because people don’t attend religious organisations often, Stark and Bainbridge believe that the decline in traditional religions has created a demand for newer religions, this includes new ageShow MoreRelatedNeo-Paganism Versus New Age Spirituality Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesNeo-Paganism and New Age Spirituality have very different rules factors. Neo-Paganism, as defined by the Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, is an umbrella term for several spiritual movements that attempt to restore the â€Å"authentic pantheons and rituals† of the ancient polytheistic religions of Europe and the Middle East.(Neo-Paganism) These forms of â€Å"nature-oriented spirituality† are typically pre-Christian and primarily originate in Europe. (Fisher 478) ReligiousTollerance.org sheds some light on how peopleRead More The New Age Movement Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pages The New Age Movement Although the New Age movement is not technically a religion , eight to nine percent of people that do not believe in organized religion find the New Age as their replacement. The New Age movement is very difficult to describe although not impossible. It is a complex sociological phenomenon that can be perceived in many ways. Basically, what another person sees, the other may not. The New Age movement is best understood as a network of networks. 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Compared to men, women are more likely to express a greater interest in religion, to have stronger personal faith and belief in live after death, and have a stronger personal religious commitment. Also to involve themselves more in religious rituals and worship e.g. they are more likely to attend religious services and they participate more in religious life generally. Bruce also found that women join or involve themselves with new religious movements and new age movements. ReligionRead MoreAustralia s Present Religious Tradition1349 Words   |  6 Pagesthe huge base for Christianity to rise to the top religion in Australia before they began to let more immigrants enter. In the 1947 census, 88% of the population (not including Aboriginals because they were not considered in the census) stated they were Christian. The remaining 12% was mostly people who didn’t respond to the question. Today not much has changed the percentage of Christians has slightly decreased because of a rise in new religions. In the census of 2011 it is seen that out of 21.5Read MoreCult Is A Cult Or Cult?904 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you think of a Religion most would never think of it as a Cult but, I ask the question â€Å"Could a religion actually be considered a cult?† A few religions that we have studied in class have actually been considered a cult at one point in history, either many years ago, or very recent. What intrigues me about this is: the definition and characteristics of a cult or religion, what groups/religions have been considered to be a cult, and why do we think that a cult is not considered a religious groupRead MoreThe Enlightenment By Thomas Paine And John Locke1709 Words   |  7 PagesLaura Bluhm History 172 Michael Tafel March 15 2017 Final Paper: The Enlightenment The eighteenth century embraced the beginning of an opinionated movement for new thinking about once unquestioned truths and actions. This movement, known as the enlightenment was more than a period of advanced ideas, as this unfamiliar way of thinking also lead to a change in the way that people began to operate within society. The ambition was lead by the attempt to break free from the past, overturning oldRead MoreThe American Renaissance Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthe period in 1835-1880 in which United States literature came of age as an expression of a national spirit. 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Night World Dark Angel Chapter 13 Free Essays

string(32) " they were on familiar streets\." I he next day, Gillian tried to concentrate on normal things. She hurried to school, feeling unrested-had she had nightmares?-and desperately in need of distraction. All day at school, she threw herself into activities, chattering and laughing and keeping people around her, talking about Christmas and parties and finals. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It worked. Angel was very gentle, keeping quietly in the background. All the other students were hyperactive with the thought of only two more days of school. And by the afternoon Gillian had become caught up in her own frantic good spirits. â€Å"We don’t even have a tree,† she said to David. â€Å"And it’s five days to Christmas Eve. I have to drag my mom out and buy one.† â€Å"Don’t buy one,† David said, smiling at her with his dark eyes. â€Å"I’ll take you out tonight to a place I know. It’s beautiful, and the trees are free.† He winked. â€Å"I’ll bring the station wagon,† Gillian said. â€Å"Lots of room. I like big trees.† At home, she stayed busy, prodding her mother to wrap packages and dust off the plastic Christmas flower arrangements. There was no talk with Angel about how to tell her mother about witches. She was still happy when she picked David up after dinner. He seemed a little subdued, but she wasn’t in the mood to ask questions. Instead, she talked about the party Steffi Lockhart was giving on Friday night. It was a long drive, and she was running out of speculations about Steffi’s party when David finally said, â€Å"Somewhere along here, I think.† â€Å"Okay. I’ll take one of those.† Gillian pointed at the sixty-look-alike fern trees that lined the road. David smiled. â€Å"There are some smaller ones farther in.† There were so many that Gillian had a hard time choosing. At last, she settled on a balsam fir with a perfect silhouette, like a plump lady holding out her skirts. It was wonderfully aromatic as she and David chopped it down and half dragged, half carried it to the car. â€Å"I just love that smell,† she said. â€Å"And I don’t even care that my gloves are ruined.† David didn’t answer. He was quiet as he tied the back of the station wagon closed around the tree. He was quiet as they got in the car and Gillian began to drive. And Gillian couldn’t stand it anymore. Little waves of acid were lapping in her stomach. â€Å"What’s wrong? You haven’t been talking all night.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† He let out his breath, looking out the window. â€Å"I guess †¦ I was just thinking about Tanya.† Gillian blinked. â€Å"Tanya? Should I be jealous?† He glanced at her. â€Å"No, I mean-her arm.† A strange sort of prickling cascaded over Gillian, and in that moment everything changed forever. She seemed to ask the next question in a huge, quivering stillness. â€Å"What about her arm?† â€Å"You didn’t hear? I thought somebody would’ve called you. They took her to the hospital this afternoon.† â€Å"Oh, my God.† â€Å"Yeah, but it’s worse. That thing they thought was a rash was necrotizing something-or-other †¦ you know, that flesh-eating bacteria.† Gillian opened her mouth, but no sound came out. The road in front of her seemed very dim. â€Å"Cory said she can’t have any visitors-her arm swelled up to three times its normal size. They had to cut it open all the way from her shoulder to her finger to drain it. They think she might lose her finger-â€Å" â€Å"Stop it!† A suppressed scream. David looked at her quickly. â€Å"I’m sorry-â€Å" â€Å"No! Just don’t talk!† Gillian’s automatic reflexes had taken over driving the car. She was hardly aware of anything outside her own body. All her concentration was fixed on the drama inside her own mind. (Angel! Did you hear that? What is going on?) (Of course I heard it.) The voice was slow and thoughtful. (Well, is it true? Is it?) (Look, let’s talk about this later, all right, kid? Let’s wait-) (No! Everything with you is â€Å"Wait† or â€Å"We’ll talk about it later.† I want to know right now: is it true?) (Is what true?) (Is Tanya that sick? Is she about to lose her finger?) (It’s just an infection, Gillian. Streptococcus pyogenes. You were the one who put it there.) (You’re saying it is true. It’s true. I did it with my spell. I gave her flesh-eating bacteria.) Gillian threw the thoughts out wildly, disjointedly. She couldn’t really grasp what it all meant yet. (Gillian, we had to stop her from destroying David. It was necessary.) (No! No! You knew I didn’t really want to hurt her. What are you talking about? How can you even say that?) Gillian was in hysteria again, a strange hysteria of the mind. She was vaguely aware that she was still driving, that fences and trees were flying by. Her body was sitting in the car, breathing quickly, speeding, but her real self seemed to be in another place. (You lied to me. You told me she was all right. Why did you do that?) (Calm down, dragonfly-) (Don’t call me that! How can you just-just sit there†¦ and not care? What kind of person are you?) And then-Angel’s voice changed. He didn’t get hysterical or agitated; it was much worse. His voice became calmer. More melodious. Pleasant. (I’m just dispensing justice. It’s what angels do, you know.) Icy horror swept over Gillian. He sounded insane. â€Å"Oh, God,† she said, and she said it out loud. David looked at her. â€Å"Hey-are you okay?† She scarcely heard him. She was thinking with fevered intensity: (I don’t know what you are, but you are not an angel.) (Gillian, listen to me. We don’t have to fight. I love you-) (Then tell me how to fix Tanya!) Silence. (I’ll find out myself. I’ll go back to Melusine-) (No!) (Then tell me! Or heal Tanya yourself if you’re a real angel!) A pause. Then: (Gillian, I’ve got an idea. A way to make David love you more.) (What are you talking about?) (We need to give him a near-death experience. Then he’ll be able to truly understand you. We need to make him die.) Everything blurred. Gillian knew they were nearing Somerset, they were on familiar streets. You read "Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 13" in category "Essay examples" But for a moment her vision went completely gray and sparkling. â€Å"Gillian!† A hand was on hers, a real hand, steadying the wheel. â€Å"Are you all right? Do you want me to drive?† â€Å"I’m okay.† Her vision had cleared. She just wanted to get home. She had to get to that shoe box and fix the spell on Tanya somehow. She had to get home †¦ to safety†¦ But nowhere was safe. (Don’t you understand?) The voice was soft and insidious in her ear. (David can never really be like you until he’s died the way you have. We have to make him die-) â€Å"No!† She realized she was speaking aloud again. â€Å"Stop talking to me! Go away!† David was staring at her. â€Å"Gillian-â€Å" (I don’t want to hurt you, Gillian. Only him. And he’ll come back, I promise. He might be a little different. But he’ll still love you.) Different†¦ David’s body. Angel wanted David’s body. As David left, Angel would take possession†¦. They were almost home. But she couldn’t get away from the voice. How do you get away from something that’s in your own mind? She couldn’t shut it out. †¦ (Just let go, Gillian. Let me take over. I’ll drive for you. I love you, Gillian.) â€Å"No!† She was panting, her hands gripping the steering wheel so hard it hurt. The word came out jerkily. â€Å"David! You have to drive. I can’t-â€Å" (Relax, Gillian. You won’t be harmed. I promise.) And she couldn’t let go of the steering wheel. The voice seemed to be inside her body, diffusing through her muscles. She couldn’t take her foot off the accelerator. â€Å"Gillian, slow down!† David was yelling now. â€Å"Look out!† (It will only take a second†¦) Gillian’s world had been switched into an old-time movie. The flickering black-and-white kind. With each frame, the telephone pole in front of her got bigger and bigger. It was happening very slowly, but at the same time with utter inevitability. They were rushing oh-so-slowly toward that pole, and they were going to hit. On the right side of the car, where David was sitting. (No! I’ll hate you forever†¦) She screamed it in her mind and the last word seemed to echo endlessly. There was time for that. And then there was a loud sound and darkness. â€Å"Can I see him?† â€Å"Not yet, honey.† Her mother scooted the plastic chair closer to the emergency room bed. â€Å"Probably not tonight.† â€Å"But I have to.† â€Å"Gillian, he’s unconscious. He wouldn’t even know you were there.† â€Å"But I have to see him.† Gillian felt the hysteria swelling again, and she damped her mouth shut. She didn’t want a shot, which is what the nurses had said they were going to give her when she started screaming earlier. She had been here for hours. Ever since the cars with the flashing lights came and pried the station wagon door open and pulled her out. They’d pulled David out, too. But while she had been completely unhurt-â€Å"A mirade! Not even a scratch!† the paramedic had said to her mother-David had been unconscious. And had stayed that way ever since. The emergency room was cold and it didn’t seem to matter how many heated blankets they wrapped around her. Gillian kept shivering. Her hands were blue-white and pinched looking. â€Å"Daddy’s coming home,† her mother said, stroking her arm. â€Å"He’s taking the first plane he could get. You’ll see him tomorrow morning.† Gillian shivered. â€Å"Is this the same hospital- where Tanya Jun is? No, don’t ask. I don’t really want to know.† She stuck her hands under her armpits. â€Å"I’m so cold†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And alone. There was no soft voice hi her head. And that was good, because, God, the last thing she wanted was Angel-or rather that thing, whatever it was, that monster that had called itself an angel. But it was strange after so long. To be all alone†¦ and not know where he might be lurking. He could be listening to her thoughts right now†¦ â€Å"I’ll get another blanket.† The nurse had shown her mother the heated closet. â€Å"If you could just lie down, honey, maybe you’d feel like sleeping a little.† â€Å"I can’t sleep! I have to go see David.† â€Å"Hon, I already told you. You’re not going to see him tonight.† â€Å"You said I might not get to see him. You didn’t say I wouldn’t! You only said probably!† Gillian’s voice was rising, getting more shrill, and there was nothing she could do about it. The tears were coming, too, flooding down uncontrollably. She was choking on them. A nurse came hurrying in, the white curtains around the bed swirling. â€Å"It’s all right; it’s natural,† she said softly to Gillian’s mother. And to Gillian: â€Å"Now, just lean over a little-hold still. A little pinch. This is something to help you relax.† Gillian felt a sting at her hip. A short time later everything got blurry and the tears stopped. She woke up in her own bed. It was morning. Pale sunlight was shining full in the window. Last night†¦ oh, yes. She could vaguely remember her mom and Mrs. Beeler, their next-door neighbor, leading her from the hospital to Mrs. Beeler’s car. She remembered them taking her upstairs and undressing her and putting her to bed. After that she’d had hours of wonderful not-thinking. And now she was awake and rested and her head was clear. She knew exactly what she had to do even before she swung her legs out from under the covers. She glanced at the ancient Snoopy clock on her nightstand and got a shock. Twelve thirty-five. No wonder she was rested. Efficiently, without making a sound, she put on Levis and a gray sweatshirt. No makeup. She ran a comb once through her hair. She paused, then, to listen. Not just to the house, but to herself. To the world inside her own brain. Dead quiet. Not a creature stirring. Not that that meant a thing, of course. Gillian knelt and pulled the shoe box out from under her bed. The wax dolls were garish, red and green, like a hideous parody of Christmas. Her first impulse at the sight of that poisonous green was to get rid of it. Snap off one doll’s hand and the other’s head. But what that would do to Tanya and Kim, she didn’t want to think. Instead, she forced herself to get a Q-tip from the bathroom, soak it in water, and dab the iridescent green powder away. She cried as she did it. She tried to concentrate as she had when she’d done the spell, seeing the real Tanya’s hand, seeing it heal and become whole. â€Å"Now may I be given the power of the words of Hecate,† she whispered. â€Å"It is not I who utter them, it is not I who repeat them; it is Hecate who utters them, it is she who repeats them.† When the powder was off, she put the dolls back in the box. Then she blew her nose and rummaged through the pile on her desk until she found a small pink-flowered address book. She sat on the floor crosslegged, dragged the phone close, and thumbed through the book. There. Daryl Novak’s cellular phone number. She dialed quickly and shut her eyes. Answer. Answer. â€Å"Hello,† a languid voice said. Her eyes flew open. â€Å"Daryl, this is Gillian. I need you to do me an enormous favor, and I need you to do it now. And I can’t even explain why-â€Å" â€Å"Gillian, are you okay? Everybody’s been worried about you.† â€Å"I’m fine, but I can’t talk. I need you to go find Amy Nowick; she’s got†-Gillian thought frantically-â€Å"uh, honors chemistry this period. I need you to tell her to drive to the corner of Hazel and Applebutter Street and wait for me there.† â€Å"You want her to leave school?† â€Å"Right now. Tell her I know it’s a lot to ask, but I need this. It’s really important.† She expected questions. But instead, all Daryl said was, â€Å"Leave it to me. I’ll find her.† â€Å"Thanks, Daryl. You’re a lifesaver.† Gillian hung up and found her ski jacket. Tucking the shoe box under her arm, she walked very quietly downstairs. She could hear voices from the kitchen. A low voice-her dad’s. Part of her wanted to run to him. But what would her parents do if they saw her? Keep her safe and bundled up, keep her here. They wouldn’t understand what she had to do. There was no question of telling them the truth, of course. That would just get her another shot. And, eventually, maybe a visit to the mental hospital where her mother had stayed. Everyone would think delusions ran in the family. She moved stealthily to the front door, quietly opened it, slipped out. Sometime during the night it had rained and then frozen. Ice hung like dewdrops from the twigs of the hickory tree in the yard. Gillian ducked her head and hurried down the street. She hoped no one was watching, but she had the feeling of eyes staring from between bare branches and out of shadows. At the comer of Hazel and Applebutter she stood with her arms wrapped around the box, hopping a little to keep warm. It’s a lot to ask†¦ It was a lot to ask, especially considering the way she’d treated Amy recently. And it was funny, considering all the new friends she’d made, that it was Amy she turned to instinctively when she was in trouble. But†¦ there was something solid and genuine and good in Amy. And Gillian knew that she would show up. The Geo swung around the corner and skidded to a stop. Typical Amy-without-glasses driving. Then Amy was jumping out, her face turned anxiously toward Gillian’s. Her blue eyes were huge and seemed luminous with tears. And then they were hugging and crying. Both of them. â€Å"I’m so sorry. I’ve been so rotten this last week-â€Å" â€Å"But I was rotten to you before that-â€Å" â€Å"I feel awful. You have every right to be mad at me-â€Å" â€Å"Ever since I heard about the accident, I’ve been so worried.† Gillian pulled back. â€Å"I can’t stay. I don’t have time. And I know how this sounds coming from somebody who hit a pole last night†¦ but I need your car. For one thing, I’ve got to go see David.† Amy nodded, blotting her eyes. â€Å"Say no more.† â€Å"I can drop you off at home-â€Å" â€Å"It’s the wrong way. It won’t hurt me to walk. I want to walk.† Gillian almost laughed. The sight of Amy dabbing her face with her muffler and stamping her foot on the icy sidewalk, determined to walk, warmed her heart. She hugged her again, fast. â€Å"Thank you. I’ll never forget it. And I’ll never be the terrible person I’ve been to you again, at least-â€Å" She broke off and got in the car. She’d been about to finish the sentence â€Å"-at least, if I live through this.† Because she wasn’t at all sure that she would. But the first thing was to get to David. She had to see him with her own eyes. To make sure he was all right†¦ and that he was himself. She gunned the motor and set out for Houghton. How to cite Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 13, Essay examples

Logistics and Supply Chain Management at Starbucks

Question: Discuss about theLogistics and Supply Chain Management at Starbucks. Answer: Introduction The report examines the role of a procurement manager at Starbucks and describes his duty while providing supplier selection criteria and issues faced by the organization. It further describes the role of information technology in delivering designated duties. The report provides information related to the purchasing cost analysis in order to manage the flow of goods while dealing with the suppliers. It analyzes the effectiveness of three aspects of the purchasing manager in marinating the cost of the goods. It is evident that every organization needs to keep a check over the supply chain in order to find the relevant solution to the problem. The purchasing manager is responsible to buy best quality goods and products at a competitive price that enables an organization to operate well (Gencer Grpinar, 2007). Their duty involves working with the different organizations to oversee supply chain management and procurement on a wide scale. It is there duty to effectively negotiate with v arious suppliers and buyers. An efficient purchasing manager helps in increasing profit and saves organization from further losses. There duty is to work in a sustainable environment by managing risk and ethical issues (Ho, Xu Dey, 2010). Companys Overview Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and a chain of coffee house founded in Seattle, Washington in the year 1971. The company operates more than 23,000 stores across globe. Starbucks is considered to be the representative of second wave coffee marking history by providing same quality coffee at different region (Starbucks Company Profile, 2017). The company is known for procuring efficient quality coffee beans through the suppliers who are consistently supplying coffee beams of best quality. The procurement manager has a role to coordinate the functions by choosing the most efficient supplier and to lead an example for the rest on a long run. The procurement manager has a responsibility to keep a check over the regular supply chain at their stores located at different place. Moreover their duty includes keeping an effective relationship with the suppliers in order to manage future sales (Supplier Diversity Programme, 2017). Supplier Selection Criteria and Issues Supplier Selection Criteria Starbucks has been working for more than 40 years and has dedicated itself in inspiring and nurturing human spirit. They have developed an effective relationship with the suppliers through commitment by enhancing the Starbucks experience. As a purchasing manager it is his duty to manage cost, Quality and Safety, Delivery, Service, Social Responsibility and Risk (Ng, 2008). The process of supplier selection is driven by the cross functional team from a different sector in an organization. The common supplier selection criteria include: The previous experience and the past performance with the supplier and the product and service. It depends upon the level of sophistication of the quality system involved while meeting standards set by the company and the regulatory bodies. Their ability to meet the current and potential capacity required to deliver goods and services. Financial stability is essential for an organization while matching the companys standard. The availability of technical support and willingness to participate as a partner while developing long term relationship with the suppliers. To measure the total cost included while dealing with the suppliers. The supplier track record is kept under consideration in order to improve the business performance. The measure related to total cost assessment involved in it. Methods to evaluate the potential of a supplier criteria: Obtaining information related to the quotes as furnished by the supplier. Requesting formal quotes from the supplier as per the specification and requirements. By conducting visits to the supplier in order to select the quality of goods. Confirming with the quality status in order to retrieve proper information as mentioned by the authority (Huang Keskar, 2007). Through discussion with the customers served by the supplier. The purchase manager can review the performable and database of industry in order to serve the correct product line. Evaluation of the various suppliers and issues related to them while dealing with the individual or a group of people. Issue in Supplier Selection Criteria The major issue faced by the purchase manager is while dealing with the group failure. At certain time the organization faces majority of issues that are caused due to implementation puff decision making. At times there is a problem in implementation of the plan as per the requirements which are causing deviation in results. Secondly the overconfidence in the judgment can cause failure in attaining desired results (Christopher, 2016). The market is dynamic and subject to majority of fluctuations that can affect the overall productivity in an organization. Thirdly, relying inappropriately on the rule of thumb may impose major issues on receiving desired results. Starbucks believe in managing an efficient supplier chain in order to attain sustainable result. The motto of the company is to deliver desired growth by ensuring quality coffee beans. For the purpose company is managing its own farms to keep a check over the quality of coffee beans. Lastly it is necessary to keep a follow up measure in order to attain desired results. Maintaining a regular supply chain is an issue for an organization as it has to oversee each and every task related to the particular procedure. The role of purchase manager includes a regular supply of goods in order to attain sustainability (Amindoust, Ahmed, Saghafinia Bahreininejad, 2012). Hence supplier selection is a major issue that cant be ignored if an organization wants to succeed on a long run. It is hence the necessity to look into the procedure while ensuring desired results (Ballou, 2007). ICT for Purchasing Operations Starbucks has focused on supply chain by taking initiative through performing essential role in managing regular stock. Information and communication form to be an important part while managing the supply chain management.ICT is considered to be one of the important components while managing the supply chain management. ICT is used to exchange information in the supply chain. The operational model set is based on six views of enterprise operations that help in managing the internal and external supply chain management. The ICT system at Starbucks is based on managing the purchasing operation. The database is kept by the manager in an effective manner that help in retrieving maximum benefit out of all the process taking place at Starbucks. Starbucks is efficiently using NCR-POS Hardware and In-Store technology to manage the supply chain. The organization is using intelligent restaurant information system to keep a check over the inventory management, labor management, time attendance and financial reporting. It helps in managing the resources. This is considered to be one of the efficient tool to access effective results within the given time period. Recommendation It is necessary for accompany like Starbucks to develop a strong information and communication system in order to receive effective result. Implementing a synchronized single information system will help in managing suppliers. This will however increase the efficacy of an organization in order to retrieve efficiency in managing the record as per the necessity. The supply chain is necessary to be managed in order to attain effective results. Having a synchronized data across the organization helps in managing resources at Starbucks located at different places. ICT system helps the purchase manager to handle the situation in an effective manner by single handling the overall data. Suppliers information is kept under the single domain that help in effectively ascertaining the information according to the requirement. It is necessary for an organization to keep a proper record of the stock and supplier as per the necessity arising in the organization (Fawcett, Ellram Ogden, 2014). Infor mation and technology helps in handling tee complex data and keeps a check over the role of suppliers in attaining efficacy. Computerized shipping and tracking system help in simplifying the whole process and help in reducing the overall shipping errors. The system like TMS, ERP and CRM helps in enabling business owners to consolidate all the aspects of the supply chain management. This softwares help in keeping a synchronized data which help in attaining desired results within the domain. These technologies reduce the overall time spent on shipping, receiving, tracking and compiling order data. This will save the time and money of both the buyer and the supplier (Monczka, et al, 2015). Purchasing Cost Analysis Purchasing is considered to be one of the most important parts of the business to be undertaken in order to ensure that the business is making the best usage of money earned. Purchase analysis is a process through which the cost related to the purchases is necessary to be decided in advance. The strategy related to purchases and inventory management need to be kept at an optimum level in respect with the suppliers. The analysis is managed by keeping coordination with the size of the company. The bigger organization involves more critical issue as compared with the small organizations (Stadtler, 2015). The cost analysis is the first thing conducted by the supplier that reflects the actual cost to purchase the cost. There are numerous overhead cost involved with the delivery of goods that cause hindrance in attaining required results. A full procurement analysis helps in analyzing the total cost of purchase from a particular supplier (Lambert, 2008). Inventory Analysis The next important part while managing the supplier is related to management of the inventory. The cost of storing and the cost of not having an item need to be kept efficiently. The optimum inventory level is necessary to be kept in the organization in order to avoid negative influence on sales and productivity. At Starbucks it has become evident to manage machines in order to keep a check over it. Cost analysis is necessary for Starbucks to efficiently utilization of the cost efficient tools (Van Weele, 2009). Purchasing cost analysis is a necessary role played by the purchasing manger by considering the most important tools in dealing with the problems occurring at the organization. Firstly it is necessary to focus on the cost charged by the supplier in order to avoid the unexplained cost (Mangan, Lalwani Lalwani, 2016). It is the duty of the purchase manager to keep a check over the price trends in order to attain possible growth. It is mandatory for Starbucks to conduct a specific cost breakdown analysis in order to manage the critical situations. Cost analysis is a complex process and requires breakdown of the product in order to manage the data in an effective manner. Keeping an open line of communication with the supplier will help in evaluating the data in a proper manner which will ensure proper growth. Starbucks is a renowned organization known across the globe for its specialized coffee. They have attained effectiveness by implementing the purchasing cost analytical tools in ord er to generate revenue (Wisner, Tan Leong,2014). Purchasing cost analysis needed to be implemented at each level by focusing on all the cost that s involved while estimating the cost of a product. Starbucks has efficiently achieved desired targets by focusing upon the cost analysis (Chopra Meindl, 2007). Conclusion The report incorporates the role of purchasing manager at Starbucks. It includes all the necessary supplier selection criteria that is necessary for an organization to attain sustainable results. Starbucks is a renowned coffee chain known for its exquisite flavors of coffee. It has become important for the company to choose the suppliers to minimize the cost. This will help in reducing the overall cost charged by the supplier on the company. The role of information and technology is equally important for an organization in order to maintain a regular supply chain. This process is necessary to be incorporated to achieve desired results. The coffee beans at Starbucks are imported from the African countries which are managed on the standard made by Starbucks. The last part of the report describes the purchasing cost analysis which is necessary to keep a check over the cost of a commodity. It is necessary to manage each and every activity at Starbucks in order to attain desired results. References Amindoust, A., Ahmed, S., Saghafinia, A., Bahreininejad, A. (2012). Sustainable supplier selection: A ranking model based on fuzzy inference system.Applied Soft Computing,12(6), 1668-1677. Ballou, R. H. (2007).Business logistics/supply chain management: planning, organizing, and controlling the supply chain. Pearson Education India. Chopra, S., Meindl, P. (2007). Supply chain management. Strategy, planning operation. InDas summa summarum des management(pp. 265-275). Gabler. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Fawcett, S. E., Ellram, L. M., Ogden, J. A. (2014).Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Gencer, C., Grpinar, D. (2007). Analytic network process in supplier selection: A case study in an electronic firm.Applied mathematical modelling,31(11), 2475-2486. Ho, W., Xu, X., Dey, P. K. (2010). Multi-criteria decision making approaches for supplier evaluation and selection: A literature review.European Journal of operational research,202(1), 16-24. Huang, S. H., Keskar, H. (2007). Comprehensive and configurable metrics for supplier selection.International journal of production economics,105(2), 510-523. Lambert, D. M. (2008).Supply chain management: processes, partnerships, performance. Supply Chain Management Inst. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Lalwani, C. L. (2016).Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Ng, W. L. (2008). An efficient and simple model for multiple criteria supplier selection problem.European Journal of Operational Research,186(3), 1059-1067. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Starbucks Company Profile,(2017). Retrieved from: https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information/starbucks-company-profile Accessed on: 16 February 2017 Supplier Diversity Programme,(2017). Retrieved from: https://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/sourcing/suppliers Accessed on: 16 February 2017 Van Weele, A. J. (2009).Purchasing supply chain management: analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Unjust People Rectification Essays - Deontological Ethics, Justice

Unjust People Rectification Robert Nozick, in his essay Rights and the Entitlement Theory, discusses the rights of individuals and just acquisition. He makes it clear that these rights and/or acquisitions cannot be taken away by anyone, either by an individual or by a collective identity such as the state. Individual people and the state have an obligation to not interfere with one's rights or just acquisitions. As long as one does not interfere with another's life and intrinsic rights then no one else shall interfere with another's life, it is a reciprocal obligation. Furthermore, the government should be involved minimally in the life of the individual. According to Nozick, the state should be "...limited to the narrow functions of protection against force, theft, fraud, enforcement of contracts, and so on..."(p. 210). Also, according to Nozick each individual has the right to choose what to do with what one has, as long as it was acquired justly. Therefore, if a freely organized group of people owned a (communal) house, assuming they acquired it justly, what would give anyone else the right to take it away and redistribute it? (And moreover, in this specific instance what other rights and/or just acquisitions are violated?) In 1993 the administration at Denison University decided to make the fraternity houses non-residential. Fraternity members that had acquired the houses justly would no longer be able to live in them. I believe the acquisition of the houses from one generation to the next was just because initially someone financed the house, and then through initiation to the fraternity, and thus through a belief in the fraternity's ideals, they "earned" residency in the house. Moreover, they paid for utilities, upkeep, and basic needs of the house. Despite this just acquisition the school, or government in this example, according to Nozick unjustly"took" back the houses. This leads to the essay A Theory of Justice, by John Rawls. In his essay Rawls discusses the principles of justice and equality in society. Rawls wants everyone to start in a specific hypothetical situation with two principles of justice, among other things. The first principle is as follows: "each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others" (p. 551). And, the second principle is as follows: "social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both (a) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage, and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all" (p. 551). According to the first principle everyone has the right to basic liberties; included in these liberties is "...freedom of the person along with the right to hold (personal) property; and freedom from arbitrary arrest and seizure..." (p. 551). The dilemma arises again, how does the University account for the seizure and redistribution of an organization's private property? For Rawls, the first principle comes before the second, "[T]his ordering means that a departure from the institutions of equal liberty required by the first principle cannot be justified by, or compensated for, by greater social and economic advantages" (p. 551). Here, I believe it is evident that the University, out of benefit of better social and economic advantages, unjustifiably seized the fraternity houses. The University benefited economically because they could use the fraternity houses to accommodate students; and they benefited socially because "frats" were no longer a central theme in Denison society. According to both Rawls and Nozick the school had no right in seizing the houses. Moreover, according to Nozick the state, Denison University Administrators, is supposed to be protecting against such unjust acts. This is the most evident violation of basic rights within this example, however there is a more serious violation of basic rights that many seem to overlook. In Nozick's theory of rights and entitlement is the notion of side constraints. "Side constraints upon action reflect the underlying Kantian principle that individuals are ends and not merely means; they may not be sacrificed or used for the achieving of other ends without their consent" (p. 210). In terms of my example I believe the University was exploiting the fraternities as "ends and not merely means," because they used the fraternities for their own means without consent. While at the same time they deprived the fraternities of the means by which they had been working towards some end. Yet another aspect of Nozick's essay comes to the surface here, the notion that each person is free from any interference concerning the pursuit of one's own life (p. 209). It seems, according to the above-mentioned

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Managing a value Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing a value Chain - Essay Example The concept of value chain was conceived by Michael Porter in his book 'Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Advantage' "The value chain analysis describes the activities the organization performs and links them to the organizations competitive position." (Porter, 2001). A value chain consists of inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. The support system consists of the infrastructure of the organization, HR management, level of technology and ability in procurement. The end result of all these factors is either profit or loss for the organization. It is intended to take up the Case Study of US soft drink conglomerate Coca Cola, which are the largest soft beverage manufacturer and distributor. It had its humble beginning during the later half of the 19th Century with an initial investment of just US $ 70. This business enterprise has now risen into a giant empire with a capital base of US $ 50 billions. Coca Cola has made itself a popular name in more than 200 destinations in the world, with over 400 varieties of products, and is now a established market leader in the soft drinks scenario. Its other brands include Diet Cola, Fanta, and Sprite. The main marketing strategies being currently adopted by Coca Cola Company are through attractive functional bottling of different sizes and massive advertising coverage media. Inward and outward logistics and marketing:Coca-Cola plans to combine with SAP Technologies to create applications for enhanced and improved outboard logistics for its products. This would ensure a greater commitment and show of business competence on the part of its merchandizers, store managers and others responsible for distribution at its outlets. The Company has also spend nearly a year combining 3 North American business units- Coca Cola North America, Fountain and Minute Maid into an integrated unit in order to save costs and enhance efficiencies. It is widely believed by Coca Cola insiders that the combine of Coca Cola Enterprises with SAP is strategically designed to develop software programs which have the potential to control pricing, promotion of products and other marketing and merchandizer efforts to be integrated into SAP Applications (Foley and Kontzer, 2004). Other secondary activities: Sports sponsorships &cultural interactions: The Coca-Cola Group has felt it necessary to seek other brand building exercises to increase consumer awareness and promote healthy social and cultural interactions with the local communities as part of rendering social and cultural responsiblities . By combining brand building with sponsorship of world standard events, high degree of exposure to local markets, and by investing heavily in secondary activities, like Sports Meets, the brand image of Coca Cola is sought to be enhanced and the vibrant and ennervating aspects of this soft drink is shown to blend well with the passion and endurance needed for to participate and compete in global sports and cultural events. "By positioning Coca-Cola as an icon and leading brand that mentally and physically boost consumers", the aspects of associaton with major sporting events are reinforced. (Case Study: Coca-Cola: The Coca-Cola Brand and sponsorship). Coca Cola has been the official sponsors of the Olympic Games since the Sydney Olympics 2000.It have also contracted to

Crucial Years in Terms of Slavery Research Paper

Crucial Years in Terms of Slavery - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that antislavery Society that was formed in 1835 continued to support abolishment of slavery throughout the years 1840-1850, but the southerners continued the trading of slaves. From 1840 to 1850, the issue of slavery got so much fame as a number of events took place that took the attention of authorities. A number of legislations were passed in support of slaves.This discussion highlights that slave trade continued to exist and slaves were required to work for 17 to 18 hours per day with very less comfort hours. Slaves had no rights and were not allowed to vote. Slaves supported in the development of America as an industrial and capitalist state with no human living rights. Northerners felt that slavery can be regarded as a mockery on American values and beliefs. Voters in slave holding states regarded slavery as advantageous for the white population in terms of economy and liberty. However, efforts were made to prevent slavery from spreading to new state s. Nevertheless, slaves were traded and they did labor on plantations. The years from 1850 to 1860 are very crucial in terms of abolishing slavery as southerners were under great pressure to free their slaves under certain passed legislations. In 1850s, Kansas-Nebraska Act got passed in 1854 due to which, violence got erupted. This solution was unacceptable for the black slaves as whites had greater rights with continuity of slavery on many territories.... Voters in slave holding states regarded slavery as advantageous for the white population in terms of economy and liberty. However, efforts were made to prevent slavery from spreading to new states. Nevertheless, slaves were traded and they did labor on plantations. (1850-1860) The years from 1850 to 1860 are very crucial in terms of abolishing slavery as southerners were under great pressure to free their slaves under certain passed legislations. In 1850s, Kansas-Nebraska Act got passed in 1854 due to which, violence got erupted. This solution was unacceptable for the black slaves as whites had greater rights with continuity of slavery on many territories. Increased ratio of required slaves on cotton plantations increased slave trade and till 1860, there were 4 million slaves. Work on cotton plantations was severe and workers were required to put in extra effort due to which, the workers were punished harshly. Antislavery movements and incidents took place that supported the cause of abolition. The elections in 1860 resulting in the presidency of Abraham Lincoln supported the prevention of slavery in new states. Violence on Blacks got augmented that made Blacks more revolutionary and rebellious against their masters. Blacks were aware of the laws passed in their interest adding to their interest and right of independence. (1830-1840) The years 1830 to 1840 are crucial in terms of southerners as well as for northerners. In Boston, slavery banning newspaper such as Liberator got published and people starting feeling the adversity of slavery for their society. However, in the south, identifying the needs of the agricultural society, southerners starting getting involved in trading of slaves acquiring more than ever slaves for their cotton, tobacco and rice plantations.

The Internationalisation Of Luxury Fashion

The Internationalisation Of Luxury Fashion Chapter 1. 1.0 Introduction Phau and Prendergast (2001) defined luxury brand has these characterises that are evoke exclusivity, have a well know brand identity, enjoy high brand awareness and perceived quality, and retain sales levels and customer loyalty. For the Chinese economy, it has been increased at an average rate of 13 percent per year (wgsn-edu.com, 2002). In 2004, a total of 236,000 Chinese became millionaires (Merrill Lynch Cap Gemini, 2005). As for luxury consumption, 37% of luxury goods are purchased in Asia (Chadha and Husband, 2006). In China Chinese luxury consumer population is 300,000 millionaires. That means Chinese consumers are playing the important role for the luxury brands as Chinese market will make or break the luxury products factors potentially (Okonkwo, 2007). Therefore, the customer usually would like to have different choices of purchasing fashion products. According to Howard and Herbig (1996) noted that People can perceive value is a major determinant of product success: qual ity images are far more important than product value; high prices portray high quality. Bake (2003) indicated that some factors could influence the retailer companies entry on the other markets, for example, legal and language. Therefore, the retailers in order to get most profit from products from foreign markets, they will use two ways that are the methods for the company of entry into foreign market and have a choice of distribution channels in each foreign market (Terpastra Sarathy, 1997). In international marketing, the entry method is very important for the fashion retailer to enter foreign markets. According to the global luxury consumption, it is indicated the luxury brands are successfully in the world and also in the global luxury market growth per year (Verdict, 2009). By using the theory of internationalisation and using the process of internaionalisation example of Burberry. It has strategically penetrated the Chinese market to comprehend the Chinese market. The market will have a great positive impact on the consumption of fashion goods and by highlighting their British origins and positioning themselves towards the aspirational consumers. Chapter 2. 2.0 Literature Review This literature review aims to address that the concept of retail internationalisation, its impact upon luxury fashion brands and the strategic operations of British luxury brands with Chinese retail market by using the examples of Burberry. Hines and Bruce (2001) noted fashion retailers were the most prolific and successful when it came to foreign market expansion. Unsurprisingly, the rise in academic interest reflects the increase of retail internationalisation activity as more companies seek to expand their operations overseas (Moore et al 2000). According to Alexander and Akehurst (1995) there are six key subject areas for researchers to thoroughly address all issues concerned with the process when discussing the internationalization of retailers; What is the internationalisation of fashion retailing? Who are the international fashion retailers? Where do fashion retailers internationalise? Why do fashion retailers internationalise? How do fashion retailers internationalise? When does fashion retailer internationalisation occur? 2.1 Definition of the luxury fashion brand Kapferer and Bastien said: Luxury is in fashion, and the fashion is for luxury. (Kapferer and Bastien, 2009) Luxury brands have the power of branding, which means they can influence cultures, societies and generations potentially. Traditionally, luxury brands have main core characteristics that are brand strength, exclusivity, creative, innovation, product craftsmanship, differentiation and precision, premium pricing and high quality (Okonkwo 2007). Furthermore, the other core characteristics for the true luxury brand are global reputation, strong brand image, emotional appeal, tightly controlled distribution and visibility (Jackson and Haid, 2006). For example, Gucci, the results of the strong brand image of Gucci are in several of brands products being back-ordered to two years. The brand value has an important relationship with consumers. 2.2 Whats internationalisation of retailing? The internationalisation of retailing is defined Treadgold (Wigley et al, 2005) as having visible and invisible dimensions. The Invisible dimension has been defined as the international sourcing of products and services and the cross-border transfer of management expertise in the form of managerial policies or technical skills (Kacker, 1997). That refers to the intangible facets as opposed to the physicality of opening overseas stores. On the other hand, for the visible dimension, the fashion retailer internationalisation is the operation of retail shops within foreign markets (Hines and Bruce, 2001). Consequently, the luxury fashion brands are visible in the market. From the report of clothing retailing UK (Mintel, 2003), there are 18 out of 20 top-selling clothing retailers have presence outside of domestic market, for instance, Burberry, it has 236 stores around world (BBC, 2010). At 30 June 2010, Burberry globally had 139 retail stores, 140 concessions (excluding Spain), 44 outlets and 97 franchise stores (Burberryplc, 2010). In China, Burberry has opened stores in 30 cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Wuhan (Burberry, 2010). According to Baker (2003, p.799), he indicates that because of the legal, language and logistical problems, the most successful retail is difficult to enter other markets. Even though the retail companies could be slow and difficult entry the other countries, however overseas expansion is a significant process for development of retailers. Liu and Mcgoldrick (Bcaker, 2003) indicated that the long history of international product sourcing has facilitated foreign retailing operations because relationships have already b een construct with the foreign destinations that is easier to instigate the process of internationalisation. 2.3 Who are the international fashion retailers? According to the British fashion council, the editors of the international fashion magazines, journals and fashion experts, who define characteristic of the international fashion retailers such firms: Have an international profile in the fashion industry as evidenced in their having bi-annual fashion show in one of the international fashion capitals, e.g. Paris, Milan, London Have been established in the fashion design business for at least two years Named their own label merchandise Retail merchandise either via outlets bearing the name of designer or within other outlets with two or more countries (Moore et al, 2000) From other definition, following Hines and Bruce (2007) the international fashion retailer can be defined into the four types: The product specialist fashion retailers narrow product range, clearly defined customer base The fashion designer retailers internationally recognized brand, exclusive positioning The general merchandise retailers mix of fashion and non-fashion products and large stores The general fashion retailers- broad range of products and accessible pricing (Hines and Bruce, 2007) Moore and Doherty (2007) defined luxury fashion retailers as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ those firms that distribute clothing, accessories and other lifestyle products which are: Exclusively designed and/or manufactured by/or for the retailer; Exclusively branded with a recognised insignia, design handwriting or some other identifying device; Perceived to be of a superior design, quality and craftsmanship; Priced significantly higher than the market norm; and Sold within prestigious retail settings. Retailer that conform to this characterizes include Chanel, Giorgio Armani, Hermes, Burberry, Prada, Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Versace and Mulberry. 2.4 Chinese retail cultures and economy For this stage, it will indicate the Chinese luxury fashion history, retailers and exporting in the world. By examining Chinese economy in the luxury fashion, China is playing an important role in the world of luxury fashion. Chinese have great history, but to date most of people have not exhume it or they reclaimed it by their own understanding. Once China has recovered its culture and confidence in itself, there is no uncertainty factor that great Chinese luxury brands will appear, recreating the link with the past such as shanghai Tan (Chadha and Husbands, 2006) $1.4 trillion economy of China is the sixth largest in the world and gross domestic product is forecast to increase 7.9% over the next five years (wgsn-edu.com, 2004). Since the 80s, Chinese economy has increased at an average rate of approx 13per cent per year. In some coastal cities growth has been as high as 35%. (Wgsn-edu.com, 2002. Sep 04). World trade in clothing and textiles is about $350 billion. In China, employment figure range from an estimated 19 million employed Textile and Clothing manufacture in 2005 up from 14 million in 1995 to 17963 in Mauritius. That is from the table, it also indicates employment in clothing manufacture in some countries from 1995 to 2005 (see figure 1) (Hines and Bruce, 2007). There is a reason for it that the Chinese textile and retail industries have cheap labour. On the other hand, China and Hong Kong China are the leading exporters which are significantly higher than others (see figure 2) (WTO, 2005) However, China and Hong Kong China are being relatively small importers in the table. Twenty years ago, there was no middle class in China but now, the middle class has been more than 100 million. Currently, China represents 12% of global luxury goods purchases and will grow 26 per cent per quarter for the next four years. The current of Chinese luxury consumer population is 300,000. The number of people who can afford the luxury products will grow up 1.3 billion in the next five years. That means the Chinese consumer is important for luxury brands as Chinese market will have make or break the luxury products factors potentially (Okonkwo, 2007). The high growth rate of the Chinese economy is an amazing market for the luxury fashion products industry. Chinese luxury market is the second largest to Japanese in the Asia-Pacific region and will grow 28 per cent annually in 2010 (Wiederhecker, 2007). Furthermore China will likely play influence role in the world of fashion. The effective of the rising Chinese designers will be increased in the next decades (Okonkwo, 2007). 2.5 Market entry Strategies Fashion retailers as the most prolific of international retailers can be are consistently recognised (Wigley and Moore, 2007). Luxury fashion brands have attracted more consistent attention and form the basis of the current work while the general fashion brands have been the focus of some academic attention (Laulajainen, 1992; Fernie et al., 1997; Moore et al., 2000; Moore et al., 2004). From Root (1987) summaries the definition of entry methods is as institutional arrangement that makes possible the entry of a companys product, technology, human skills, management or other resources into a foreign country. Traditionally, entry methods can be classified into along risk or control continuum (Teradgold and Davies, 1998; Dawson, 1994; Dotherty, 200). According to Alexander and Doherty (2009), international retailers will use more than one method to develop their markets when they face a number of methods for international expansion. There are main methods for international retailing dev eloping their markets: Flagship stores: company owned, large in scale to show case the brand Organic growth: internal expansion, likely new store develops within the existing or an integrated organization framework Merger and acquisition: the acquisition of control over a firm in the international market Joint venture: between a company in the host country and an international firm or two firms enter into a joint venture and enter the host market Franchising and licensing: a business gives the authorities to the international franchisee to operate the brand. Licensing, such like a agent Exporting/ wholesaling: products sold to an international market without really stores Concessions: a shop within a shop, usually a department store, in the host market Within each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, which is chosen by a retailer on basis of its product portfolio, corporate confidence and has consequent set up cost and operational control, which a retailer needs to take into consideration (Burt, 1993; Dawson, 1993; Moore and Fernie, 2004; Quinn and Doherty, 2000; Sparks, 1996; Treadgold, 1991; Treadgold and Davies, 1988). Burt (1993). Following Simpson and Thorpes (1996) PLIN model the companies successful in foreign markets because their heritage provides them with niche differentials and internationally appealing brands as highlighted. This model suggests that retailers should do differential advantages via product, lifestyle, image and niche differentials from their competitors. The factors of internationalization entry methods Goodhow and Hanz (1972) indicate that companies need to consider five factors to start planning for foreign market entry: The environment of market- policy decision is affected by the environment of political and economic factors of the foreign market The competitiveness of the company- affected by the scale of company, technological level and experience of internationalisation The characteristic of the product- influenced through specialty of the production or different of production life cycle The consideration of companys capital and budget- it is affected by the limitation of companys capital. The cognition of inner company- the decision maker of company has the opinion towards the scale of risk for the demands of expansion foreign market The luxury fashion company, Burberry, says it is going to buy out its franchisees in Mainland China at beginning of September (Independent, 2010). Burberry will pay  £70 million ($108 million) to take full control of 50 stores in 30 cities in China, which include 9 stores in Beijing and 4 stores in Shanghai, from its franchisee Kwok Hang Holings of Hong Kong (BBC, 2010). The reason for Burberry to buy out its local franchise partner is that it will give more Burberry company control over the merchandise and how it is marketed. The chief financial office of Burberry said: We believe we can drive more productivity with those stores. and Burberry was looking to double the number of shops in the country. She also said the country would be a double-digit growth driver(Independent, 2010). Furthermore, for the development of retailer expansion in the foreign country, SWOT analyses can provide they with an outline of their strengths, Weakness, opportunities and threats, which can assist in direction when they entry into international markets (See figure 3). Burberry operates flagships in four markets that are London, New York, Tokyo and Barcelona (Moore and Doherty, 2007). Therefore Burberry did not use the flagships store method entry into China. However, for the one of the entry methods, concessions, nowadays, Luxury players have held out longest in Europe against locating in malls, which has been anathema to the retailers. However this has been preferred route to market in regions, such as China in Asia (Verdict, 2009). Similarly in Beijing both Shingkong Place and ST Plaza big department malls anchoring many luxury brands. Burberry operates concessions within these department stores throughout China. However, Burberry will operate the flagship store in Beijing in 16th December. That flagship store will be the most great in Asia (ELLEChina, 2010). 2.6 International expansion direction Some studies examined that the direction of expansion of specific fashion retailers is largely determined by their market position (Hind and Bruce). According to Hollander (1970) found that a focus on capital city expansion was a common trait of the internationalising luxury fashion retailers and termed the strategy the New York, London, Paris syndrome. In the 1990s, as a consequence of the hardly competitive conditions within the European Union and as a result of the opportunities afforded by the demise of the USSR. Therefore Fashion retailers have focused on their international expansion to emerging markets includes China, Russia (Fernie et al., 1998) The place of distribution refers to the areas that are make products and services available to customers. Retail channels are most effective when they meet the consumers expectations in terms of location, convenience and product assortment (Okonkwo, 2007). For luxury brands, there is the additional task of brand protection in the distribution areas choice such as licences or franchises. However, as early mention in previous chapter, in China, luxury retailers entry the market for the place of distribution via another choice. For an instant, The British luxury brand, Burberry, has 47 stores in Mainland China. In Beijing, Burberry operates eight stores. Chapter 3. 3.0 Luxury brands in the world 3.1 Global luxury consumption During the last few years, the luxury market has sustained growth. The luxury market has grown from $20 billion to $68billion from 1985 to 2000 in spite of the September 11 attacks and other events disruptive to global trade (The Economist, 2002). Even though some factors can influence the consumption of luxury brand in the market, which include image, quality, store atmosphere (Deeter-Dchmelz et al, 2000). However, Global consumers spend on luxury brands still grow 102.5% over 2003 to 2008 in $. In the euros, the global luxury market grew by 41.8% to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬224.5bn over the 2003 to 2008, with a growth slowdown becoming evident in the latter half of 2008 because consumers expenditure on luxury brands slowed under the impact of the global financial crisis (see figure 4) Furthermore, the luxury goods sector has become increasingly more internationalised in recent year (see figure 5) (Verdict, 2009). 3.2 Burberry in China Thomas Burberry created Burberry in 1856 in Basingstoke, England when he opened a store to sell mens outwear, soon becoming known for the development of a fabric called gabardine. During the First World War, Burberry continued to develop the officers raincoat named the Trench coat(Moore Britwistle, 2004). Burberry is a global luxury brand with a distinctive British heritage, core outerwear base and one of the most recognized icons in the world. In China, after Burberry bought its franchisee back from Kwok Hang Holdings of Hong Kong (BBC, 2010). According to Burberry Group PLC (2010) Burberry plans to open about 10 stores in China in the current financial year when applying global marketing, retail, merchandising and IT disciplines to drive store productivity. From Angela Ahrendts, Chief Executive Officer commented: The acquisition of Burberrys store operations in mainland China will allow us to further leverage our proven brand and business strategies in this high growth luxury region. With a solid foundation of 50 stores across 30 cities, operational expertise and strong brand momentum, this is an optimal time for Burberry to integrate this business. Chinese market is an exciting market for the British luxury brand, Burberry. Furthermore, Burberry also plans to add 66 stores and 44 Chinese outlets in China by 2012 (Independent, 2010). In the other hand, According to Burberry annual report (2009) the revenues of Burberry were up 30% in Asia-Pacific and in 2009 to 2010, the retail and wholesale revenue were 24% in Asia-pacific includes China. (see Figure 6) Chapter 4. 4.0 Methodology 4.1 Introduction This chapter will definite the relevant methods of research that proceeds to give the most accurate findings for the aim and objectives of the project that have already been discussed. A vary of research methods will be examined at individually. After identify all the methods a few approaches will be selected for examining the retail internationalisation of British luxury fashion brands into Chinese market. 4.2 Research approaches According to Proctor (2000) indicated Qualitative research examines the attitudes, feelings and motivations of products users. Qualitative research is characterised by small samples and this has always focus on criticism. Qualitative research has advantages to grow in popularity. Firstly, it is much cheaper than quantities research. Secondly, an understanding of customer attitudes and motivations is produced a good mechanism by Qualitative research. Thirdly, it can improve quantitative research efficiently. Otherwise, qualitative research cannot provide samples for representative of the target population of the research. Quantitative research is focused with measuring elements of a market or the population of consumers marking up the market. This contains soft phenomena such as consumer attitude as well as market size, brand shares and purchase frequencies etc (Hague and Jackson, 1999). Quantitative research is a large sample size and it use statistical to analysis (Proctor, 2000). 4.3 Sampling The definition of sampling is from Chisnall (2001), it is concerned with the study of the relationships exiting between a population and the samples drawn from it. Proctor (2000) indicated sampling, some so-called census information is in fact obtained via sampling. That means computer assisted statistical procedures make it possible to obtain useful information about the population through questioning only a selected sample of persons. There are two main types of sampling methods according to Chisnall (2001) Probability samples- it is different between the sample value and the true value of the population surveyed. Non-probability samples- it require certain percentages of the sample to be women or men, housewives under thirty or a similar criterion. 4.4 Survey The primary data is indicated that asking people questions about their knowledge, attitudes, preferences and buying behavior (Kotler et al 2002). According to Proctor (2000) explored some of the various method of primary data through surveys: Postal surveys Personal interviews Telephone surveys Completely self-administered surveys Panels Omnibus studies 4.5 Questionnaires A Questionnaire is an important stage of the total research methods and its preparation and administration demand considerable professional expertise. It obtains specific information about a defined problem so that data result in a better appreciation of the problem after analysis and interpretation Chisnall (2001). According to Hague and Jackson (1999) noted purposes for the questionnaires. Firstly, primary role is to draw accurate date form respondents. Secondly, they provide structure to interviews. Thirdly, a questionnaire is to provide a standard form on which facts, comments and attitudes can be written down. Finally, questionnaire facilitates data processing. Question can be classified into two types that are open-ended question and closed questions. Open-ended question is also known as free answer or free response. The respondent is considerable freedom in phrasing an answer, which may be lengthy and detailed, and in his or her own words. On the other hand, closed questions are identified as calling for responses, which are strictly limited. That means he or she can choose alternative replies from they are expected to select an answer corresponding their on a particular subject (Hague and Jackson, 1999). Survey questionnaires are applied in different ways such as telephone interviews, formal structured personal interviews and self-administered studies (Proctor, 2000). 4.5 Observation According to Proctor (2000) indicated observation is a drawback of the survey method. It obtains much of the information is based on interviewees statements describing what they have done or expect to do in the future. Observation includes the personal or mechanical monitoring of selected activities. Chisnall (2001) said observation may be either participative or non-participative as indicated in the receding section. Participative observation would seem to have very limited application in marketing research. On the other hand, non-participative widely used in scientific studies and termed the classical method of investigation has several applications in marketing research. Hague and Jackson (1999) noted that observation is used in shopping studies, especially in stores. It is used to find out how things are done in practice. Observation can classified into these stages for the in-store environment: Distribution Shelf price Shelf facings -reported in number and share Shelf location Display activity Presence of point-of-purchase material (Proctor, 2000) 4.6 Focus group A focus group is a common form of a group interview. The aim of focus group is to learn and understand what people have to say about a topic and understand their arguments. The purpose is to discover how it forms part of their lives and how they feel about products, idea or organization. Focus group can be classified into three types that are exploratory groups, clinical focus group and employing focus group. Exploratory groups method is often used by focus group and helping to define the problem precisely. Clinical focus groups are used as true motivations and feelings of a person are subconscious. Employing focus groups provide information and data about problem by the mechanism of group dynamics. (Proctor, 2000) 4.7 Interviews According to Chisnall (2001) defined as a conversation directed to a definite purpose other than satisfaction in the conversation itself. An interview concerned with a purposeful exchange of meanings and interaction between the interviewer and the respondent. The quality of the interview depends on the interviewer developing a relationship with the answers, which will encourage good communication. 5.0 Conclusion Tungate (2008) indicated luxury brands have identified opportunities in Asia as a whole, everyone wants to talk about China. And also, Dickson Poon, the Hong Kong entrepreneur who owns Harvey Nichols, said: China definitely has the potential to become the largest luxury goods market in the world. Poon says that a number of Chinese with the wherewithal to buy mid-price consumer goods has reached 300 million. The Chinese is already worth an estimated US$550 billion. The people frequently travel for shopping not only to Hong Kong, they will go to further afield such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, as there place is a new wealth. Therefore, British luxury brand, Burberry successful entry into Chinese market. According to the data and information as mentioned in previous sectors indicated Burberry is good example of British luxury brand in Chinese market even though Burberry spent  £70 million ($108 million) to take full control of 50 stores in 30 cities in China. Like Angela Ahrendts, Chief Executive Officer said: Chinese market is an exciting market for the British luxury brand.(Burberry Group PLC 2010) So, Burberry is developing in Chinese market constantly, and they will open the most largest flagships store in Beijing soon as mentioned in previous sector. The aim of this project is to understand the retail internationalisation of British luxury fashion brands into the Chinese market. Therefore, objectives will be achieved by using both primary and secondary research methods to examined the retail internationalisation of British luxury fashion brands into the Chinese market. The literature review includes extensive secondary research from published authors of books, journal articles etc. to provide an examination of theoretical work. However, this project would benefit from the following methods of research have been selected as the best approaches to gain the most accurate findings. Index. Figure 1. Source from: Bruce M. and Hines, Fashion Marketing contemporary issues, pp. 3 Figure 2. Source from: Bruce M. and Hines, Fashion Marketing contemporary issues, pp. 5 Strengths Gross margin increased from 52.1% in 2008/09 to 59.7% in 2009/10 Annual sales of  £1280m Retail revenue is  £749m Authentic British heritage Its founding in 1856 by Thomas Burberry Globally recognized icon portfolio e.g. trench coat, trademark check Top 100 global brands Weaknesses Profit fell from  £62m to 25m in1998 The foreign group out of control Over-reliance on a number of key product suppliers Burberry over-relies upon licensees Opportunities Enhance consumer responsiveness Operate more efficiently and effectively Upgrading existing stores Execution of the global buy Threats Competition from other luxury global brands such as Chanel, Gucci Burberry could suffer it is supply chain is unable to produce Burberry may be unable to control its wholesale and licenseesFigure 3 Burberry SWOT analyses Figure 4. Source from: Verdict (2009), Global luxury retailing, pp.23 Figure 5 Source from: Verdict (2009), Global luxury retailing, pp.24