Passive Voice Usage and Examples for ESL/EFL

The passive voice in English is used to express what is done to someone or something. Here are a few examples: The company was sold for $5 million.That novel was written by Jack Smith in 1912.My house was built in 1988. In each of these sentences, the subject of the sentences does nothing. Rather, something is done to the subject of the sentence. In each case, the focus is on the object of an action. These sentences could also be written in the active voice. The owners sold the company for $5 million.Jack Smith wrote the novel in 1912.A construction company built my house in 1988. Choosing Passive Voice The passive voice is used to place focus on the object rather than the subject. In other words, who does something is less important than what was done to something (focusing on the person or thing affected by an action). Generally speaking, the passive voice is used less frequently  than the active voice. That said, the passive voice is  useful  to switch the focus from  who  is doing something to  what  is being done, which makes it especially useful in business settings when the focus is placed on a product. By using the passive, the product becomes the focus of the sentence. As you can see from these examples, this makes a stronger statement than using the active voice. Computer chips are manufactured in our plant in Hillsboro.Your car will be polished with the finest wax.Our pasta is made using only the finest ingredients.   Here are some other example  sentences that a business might change to the passive form in order to change focus: We have produced over 20 different models in the past two years.  (active voice)Over 20 different models have been produced in the past two years.  (passive voice)My colleagues and I develop software for financial institutions.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(active voice)Our software is developed for financial institutions.  (passive voice) Study the passive voice below and then practice your writing skills by changing passive sentences to active sentences, or vice versa. Passive Voice Sentence Structure Passive subject to be past  participle Note that the verb be is conjugated followed by the participle form of the main verb.   The house was built in 1989.My friend is being interviewed today.The project has been completed recently.   The passive voice follows the same usage rules as all the  tenses in English. However, some tenses tend not to be used in the passive voice. Generally speaking, perfect continuous tenses are not used in the passive voice. Using the Agent   The person or people taking an action are referred to as the agent. If the agent (the person or people performing an action) is not important for understanding, the agent can be left out. Here are some examples: The dogs have already been fed. (Its not important who fed the dogs)The children will be taught basic math. (Its clear that a teacher will teach the children)The report will have been finished by the end of next week. (Its not important who completes the report) In some cases, its important to know the agent. In this case, use the preposition by to express the agent following the passive structure. This structure is especially common when speaking about artistic works such as paintings, books, or music. The Flight to Brunnswick was written in 1987 by Tim Wilson.This model was developed by Stan Ishly for our production team.   Passive Used With Transitive Verbs Transitive verbs are verbs that can take an object. Here are some examples: We assembled the car in less than two hours.I wrote the report last week.   Intransitive verbs do not take an object: She arrived early.The accident happened last week.   Only verbs that take an object can be used in the passive voice. In other words, the passive voice is used only with transitive verbs.   We assembled the car in less than two hours.  (active voice)The car was assembled in less than two hours.  (passive voice)I wrote the report last week.  (active voice)The report was written last week.  (passive voice) Passive Voice Structure Examples Here are examples of some of the most common tenses used in the passive voice: Active Voice Passive Voice Verb Tense They make Fords in Cologne. Fords are made in Cologne. Present Simple Susan is cooking dinner. Dinner is being cooked by Susan Present Continuous James Joyce wrote "Dubliners". "Dubliners" was written by James Joyce. Past Simple They were painting the house when I arrived. The house was being painted when I arrived. Past Continuous They have produced over 20 models in the past two years. Over 20 models have been produced in the past two years. Present Perfect They are going to build a new factory in Portland. A new factory is going to be built in Portland. Future Intention with Going to I will finish it tomorrow. It will be finished tomorrow. Future Simple Passive Voice Quiz   Test your knowledge by Conjugating the verbs in parentheses in the passive voice. Pay close attention to the time expressions for  clues on tense usage: Our house ______________ (paint) brown and black last week.The project ______________ (complete) next week by our outstanding marketing department.  The plans for the new contract  __________________ (draw up) right now.  More than 30,000 new computers _________________ (manufacture) every day at our plant in China.  The children ________________ (teach) by Ms Anderson since last year.The piece ________________ (write) by Mozart when he was only six years old.My hair ______________ (cut) by Julie every month.The portrait _______________ (paint) by a famous painter, but Im not sure when.  The cruise  ship ______________ (christen) by Queen Elizabeth in 1987.My paper ______________ (deliver) every morning by a teenager on his bike. Answers: was paintedwill be completed/is going to be completed  are being drawn upare manufacturedhave been taughtwas writtenis cutwill be painted  was christenedis delivered

Religion and New Age Movements - 968 Words

Using material from item A and elsewhere, assess the view that most people today see spirituality and religious belief as purely private and personal matters. In society today religion can be seen in two different ways, as a private and personal matter or something to share with your community. Some sociologists would argue that religion and spirituality is a private matter because of televangelism, which is where people watch their religions services on television or go on online churches in the comfort and privacy of their own home when we have free time but other sociologists argue that this does not mean that religion and spirituality is a private matter, but that we have to use televangelism due to the fact we live in a postmodern†¦show more content†¦This gives us greater choice between what we believe in and what we don’t. There are many methodological problems with measuring whether religion has become privatized, on of these problems is that ‘ how do you measure how many religious organisations there are?’ this is a problem because it is near impossible to count every single religious organisation in the world because of the amount of cults and sects that exist that not everybody may know about. Sociologists argue that there has been a decrease on the number of religious organisations, and therefore religious belief is decreasing, but they do not take into account that it may not be religious belief that is declining, but that lack of funding has meant that the religious beliefs could not remain forcing people into practise privately, Also, how do you define what a religious organisation is. Another problem with measuring whether religion has become privatised is that you can’t know what people are thinking, just because they don’t visit a religious organisation, it doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t necessarily mean that they are not religious, they may just not have the time to visit the organisation so instead use things like televangelism to practise at home. Also, just because people don’t attend religious organisations often, Stark and Bainbridge believe that the decline in traditional religions has created a demand for newer religions, this includes new ageShow MoreRelatedNeo-Paganism Versus New Age Spirituality Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesNeo-Paganism and New Age Spirituality have very different rules factors. Neo-Paganism, as defined by the Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, is an umbrella term for several spiritual movements that attempt to restore the â€Å"authentic pantheons and rituals† of the ancient polytheistic religions of Europe and the Middle East.(Neo-Paganism) These forms of â€Å"nature-oriented spirituality† are typically pre-Christian and primarily originate in Europe. (Fisher 478) ReligiousTollerance.org sheds some light on how peopleRead More The New Age Movement Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pages The New Age Movement Although the New Age movement is not technically a religion , eight to nine percent of people that do not believe in organized religion find the New Age as their replacement. The New Age movement is very difficult to describe although not impossible. It is a complex sociological phenomenon that can be perceived in many ways. Basically, what another person sees, the other may not. The New Age movement is best understood as a network of networks. 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Compared to men, women are more likely to express a greater interest in religion, to have stronger personal faith and belief in live after death, and have a stronger personal religious commitment. Also to involve themselves more in religious rituals and worship e.g. they are more likely to attend religious services and they participate more in religious life generally. Bruce also found that women join or involve themselves with new religious movements and new age movements. ReligionRead MoreAustralia s Present Religious Tradition1349 Words   |  6 Pagesthe huge base for Christianity to rise to the top religion in Australia before they began to let more immigrants enter. In the 1947 census, 88% of the population (not including Aboriginals because they were not considered in the census) stated they were Christian. The remaining 12% was mostly people who didn’t respond to the question. Today not much has changed the percentage of Christians has slightly decreased because of a rise in new religions. In the census of 2011 it is seen that out of 21.5Read MoreCult Is A Cult Or Cult?904 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you think of a Religion most would never think of it as a Cult but, I ask the question â€Å"Could a religion actually be considered a cult?† A few religions that we have studied in class have actually been considered a cult at one point in history, either many years ago, or very recent. 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Literature became one of the most historically significant effects that occurred throughout the time period of the American Renaissance. The American Renaissance is also characterized by renewed national self-confidence new ideas and technologies. Politically and economically, this era coincides with the Gilded Age and the New Imperialism. By the end of the eighteenth century, Enlightenment

Night World Dark Angel Chapter 13 Free Essays

string(32) " they were on familiar streets\." I he next day, Gillian tried to concentrate on normal things. She hurried to school, feeling unrested-had she had nightmares?-and desperately in need of distraction. All day at school, she threw herself into activities, chattering and laughing and keeping people around her, talking about Christmas and parties and finals. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It worked. Angel was very gentle, keeping quietly in the background. All the other students were hyperactive with the thought of only two more days of school. And by the afternoon Gillian had become caught up in her own frantic good spirits. â€Å"We don’t even have a tree,† she said to David. â€Å"And it’s five days to Christmas Eve. I have to drag my mom out and buy one.† â€Å"Don’t buy one,† David said, smiling at her with his dark eyes. â€Å"I’ll take you out tonight to a place I know. It’s beautiful, and the trees are free.† He winked. â€Å"I’ll bring the station wagon,† Gillian said. â€Å"Lots of room. I like big trees.† At home, she stayed busy, prodding her mother to wrap packages and dust off the plastic Christmas flower arrangements. There was no talk with Angel about how to tell her mother about witches. She was still happy when she picked David up after dinner. He seemed a little subdued, but she wasn’t in the mood to ask questions. Instead, she talked about the party Steffi Lockhart was giving on Friday night. It was a long drive, and she was running out of speculations about Steffi’s party when David finally said, â€Å"Somewhere along here, I think.† â€Å"Okay. I’ll take one of those.† Gillian pointed at the sixty-look-alike fern trees that lined the road. David smiled. â€Å"There are some smaller ones farther in.† There were so many that Gillian had a hard time choosing. At last, she settled on a balsam fir with a perfect silhouette, like a plump lady holding out her skirts. It was wonderfully aromatic as she and David chopped it down and half dragged, half carried it to the car. â€Å"I just love that smell,† she said. â€Å"And I don’t even care that my gloves are ruined.† David didn’t answer. He was quiet as he tied the back of the station wagon closed around the tree. He was quiet as they got in the car and Gillian began to drive. And Gillian couldn’t stand it anymore. Little waves of acid were lapping in her stomach. â€Å"What’s wrong? You haven’t been talking all night.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† He let out his breath, looking out the window. â€Å"I guess †¦ I was just thinking about Tanya.† Gillian blinked. â€Å"Tanya? Should I be jealous?† He glanced at her. â€Å"No, I mean-her arm.† A strange sort of prickling cascaded over Gillian, and in that moment everything changed forever. She seemed to ask the next question in a huge, quivering stillness. â€Å"What about her arm?† â€Å"You didn’t hear? I thought somebody would’ve called you. They took her to the hospital this afternoon.† â€Å"Oh, my God.† â€Å"Yeah, but it’s worse. That thing they thought was a rash was necrotizing something-or-other †¦ you know, that flesh-eating bacteria.† Gillian opened her mouth, but no sound came out. The road in front of her seemed very dim. â€Å"Cory said she can’t have any visitors-her arm swelled up to three times its normal size. They had to cut it open all the way from her shoulder to her finger to drain it. They think she might lose her finger-â€Å" â€Å"Stop it!† A suppressed scream. David looked at her quickly. â€Å"I’m sorry-â€Å" â€Å"No! Just don’t talk!† Gillian’s automatic reflexes had taken over driving the car. She was hardly aware of anything outside her own body. All her concentration was fixed on the drama inside her own mind. (Angel! Did you hear that? What is going on?) (Of course I heard it.) The voice was slow and thoughtful. (Well, is it true? Is it?) (Look, let’s talk about this later, all right, kid? Let’s wait-) (No! Everything with you is â€Å"Wait† or â€Å"We’ll talk about it later.† I want to know right now: is it true?) (Is what true?) (Is Tanya that sick? Is she about to lose her finger?) (It’s just an infection, Gillian. Streptococcus pyogenes. You were the one who put it there.) (You’re saying it is true. It’s true. I did it with my spell. I gave her flesh-eating bacteria.) Gillian threw the thoughts out wildly, disjointedly. She couldn’t really grasp what it all meant yet. (Gillian, we had to stop her from destroying David. It was necessary.) (No! No! You knew I didn’t really want to hurt her. What are you talking about? How can you even say that?) Gillian was in hysteria again, a strange hysteria of the mind. She was vaguely aware that she was still driving, that fences and trees were flying by. Her body was sitting in the car, breathing quickly, speeding, but her real self seemed to be in another place. (You lied to me. You told me she was all right. Why did you do that?) (Calm down, dragonfly-) (Don’t call me that! How can you just-just sit there†¦ and not care? What kind of person are you?) And then-Angel’s voice changed. He didn’t get hysterical or agitated; it was much worse. His voice became calmer. More melodious. Pleasant. (I’m just dispensing justice. It’s what angels do, you know.) Icy horror swept over Gillian. He sounded insane. â€Å"Oh, God,† she said, and she said it out loud. David looked at her. â€Å"Hey-are you okay?† She scarcely heard him. She was thinking with fevered intensity: (I don’t know what you are, but you are not an angel.) (Gillian, listen to me. We don’t have to fight. I love you-) (Then tell me how to fix Tanya!) Silence. (I’ll find out myself. I’ll go back to Melusine-) (No!) (Then tell me! Or heal Tanya yourself if you’re a real angel!) A pause. Then: (Gillian, I’ve got an idea. A way to make David love you more.) (What are you talking about?) (We need to give him a near-death experience. Then he’ll be able to truly understand you. We need to make him die.) Everything blurred. Gillian knew they were nearing Somerset, they were on familiar streets. You read "Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 13" in category "Essay examples" But for a moment her vision went completely gray and sparkling. â€Å"Gillian!† A hand was on hers, a real hand, steadying the wheel. â€Å"Are you all right? Do you want me to drive?† â€Å"I’m okay.† Her vision had cleared. She just wanted to get home. She had to get to that shoe box and fix the spell on Tanya somehow. She had to get home †¦ to safety†¦ But nowhere was safe. (Don’t you understand?) The voice was soft and insidious in her ear. (David can never really be like you until he’s died the way you have. We have to make him die-) â€Å"No!† She realized she was speaking aloud again. â€Å"Stop talking to me! Go away!† David was staring at her. â€Å"Gillian-â€Å" (I don’t want to hurt you, Gillian. Only him. And he’ll come back, I promise. He might be a little different. But he’ll still love you.) Different†¦ David’s body. Angel wanted David’s body. As David left, Angel would take possession†¦. They were almost home. But she couldn’t get away from the voice. How do you get away from something that’s in your own mind? She couldn’t shut it out. †¦ (Just let go, Gillian. Let me take over. I’ll drive for you. I love you, Gillian.) â€Å"No!† She was panting, her hands gripping the steering wheel so hard it hurt. The word came out jerkily. â€Å"David! You have to drive. I can’t-â€Å" (Relax, Gillian. You won’t be harmed. I promise.) And she couldn’t let go of the steering wheel. The voice seemed to be inside her body, diffusing through her muscles. She couldn’t take her foot off the accelerator. â€Å"Gillian, slow down!† David was yelling now. â€Å"Look out!† (It will only take a second†¦) Gillian’s world had been switched into an old-time movie. The flickering black-and-white kind. With each frame, the telephone pole in front of her got bigger and bigger. It was happening very slowly, but at the same time with utter inevitability. They were rushing oh-so-slowly toward that pole, and they were going to hit. On the right side of the car, where David was sitting. (No! I’ll hate you forever†¦) She screamed it in her mind and the last word seemed to echo endlessly. There was time for that. And then there was a loud sound and darkness. â€Å"Can I see him?† â€Å"Not yet, honey.† Her mother scooted the plastic chair closer to the emergency room bed. â€Å"Probably not tonight.† â€Å"But I have to.† â€Å"Gillian, he’s unconscious. He wouldn’t even know you were there.† â€Å"But I have to see him.† Gillian felt the hysteria swelling again, and she damped her mouth shut. She didn’t want a shot, which is what the nurses had said they were going to give her when she started screaming earlier. She had been here for hours. Ever since the cars with the flashing lights came and pried the station wagon door open and pulled her out. They’d pulled David out, too. But while she had been completely unhurt-â€Å"A mirade! Not even a scratch!† the paramedic had said to her mother-David had been unconscious. And had stayed that way ever since. The emergency room was cold and it didn’t seem to matter how many heated blankets they wrapped around her. Gillian kept shivering. Her hands were blue-white and pinched looking. â€Å"Daddy’s coming home,† her mother said, stroking her arm. â€Å"He’s taking the first plane he could get. You’ll see him tomorrow morning.† Gillian shivered. â€Å"Is this the same hospital- where Tanya Jun is? No, don’t ask. I don’t really want to know.† She stuck her hands under her armpits. â€Å"I’m so cold†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And alone. There was no soft voice hi her head. And that was good, because, God, the last thing she wanted was Angel-or rather that thing, whatever it was, that monster that had called itself an angel. But it was strange after so long. To be all alone†¦ and not know where he might be lurking. He could be listening to her thoughts right now†¦ â€Å"I’ll get another blanket.† The nurse had shown her mother the heated closet. â€Å"If you could just lie down, honey, maybe you’d feel like sleeping a little.† â€Å"I can’t sleep! I have to go see David.† â€Å"Hon, I already told you. You’re not going to see him tonight.† â€Å"You said I might not get to see him. You didn’t say I wouldn’t! You only said probably!† Gillian’s voice was rising, getting more shrill, and there was nothing she could do about it. The tears were coming, too, flooding down uncontrollably. She was choking on them. A nurse came hurrying in, the white curtains around the bed swirling. â€Å"It’s all right; it’s natural,† she said softly to Gillian’s mother. And to Gillian: â€Å"Now, just lean over a little-hold still. A little pinch. This is something to help you relax.† Gillian felt a sting at her hip. A short time later everything got blurry and the tears stopped. She woke up in her own bed. It was morning. Pale sunlight was shining full in the window. Last night†¦ oh, yes. She could vaguely remember her mom and Mrs. Beeler, their next-door neighbor, leading her from the hospital to Mrs. Beeler’s car. She remembered them taking her upstairs and undressing her and putting her to bed. After that she’d had hours of wonderful not-thinking. And now she was awake and rested and her head was clear. She knew exactly what she had to do even before she swung her legs out from under the covers. She glanced at the ancient Snoopy clock on her nightstand and got a shock. Twelve thirty-five. No wonder she was rested. Efficiently, without making a sound, she put on Levis and a gray sweatshirt. No makeup. She ran a comb once through her hair. She paused, then, to listen. Not just to the house, but to herself. To the world inside her own brain. Dead quiet. Not a creature stirring. Not that that meant a thing, of course. Gillian knelt and pulled the shoe box out from under her bed. The wax dolls were garish, red and green, like a hideous parody of Christmas. Her first impulse at the sight of that poisonous green was to get rid of it. Snap off one doll’s hand and the other’s head. But what that would do to Tanya and Kim, she didn’t want to think. Instead, she forced herself to get a Q-tip from the bathroom, soak it in water, and dab the iridescent green powder away. She cried as she did it. She tried to concentrate as she had when she’d done the spell, seeing the real Tanya’s hand, seeing it heal and become whole. â€Å"Now may I be given the power of the words of Hecate,† she whispered. â€Å"It is not I who utter them, it is not I who repeat them; it is Hecate who utters them, it is she who repeats them.† When the powder was off, she put the dolls back in the box. Then she blew her nose and rummaged through the pile on her desk until she found a small pink-flowered address book. She sat on the floor crosslegged, dragged the phone close, and thumbed through the book. There. Daryl Novak’s cellular phone number. She dialed quickly and shut her eyes. Answer. Answer. â€Å"Hello,† a languid voice said. Her eyes flew open. â€Å"Daryl, this is Gillian. I need you to do me an enormous favor, and I need you to do it now. And I can’t even explain why-â€Å" â€Å"Gillian, are you okay? Everybody’s been worried about you.† â€Å"I’m fine, but I can’t talk. I need you to go find Amy Nowick; she’s got†-Gillian thought frantically-â€Å"uh, honors chemistry this period. I need you to tell her to drive to the corner of Hazel and Applebutter Street and wait for me there.† â€Å"You want her to leave school?† â€Å"Right now. Tell her I know it’s a lot to ask, but I need this. It’s really important.† She expected questions. But instead, all Daryl said was, â€Å"Leave it to me. I’ll find her.† â€Å"Thanks, Daryl. You’re a lifesaver.† Gillian hung up and found her ski jacket. Tucking the shoe box under her arm, she walked very quietly downstairs. She could hear voices from the kitchen. A low voice-her dad’s. Part of her wanted to run to him. But what would her parents do if they saw her? Keep her safe and bundled up, keep her here. They wouldn’t understand what she had to do. There was no question of telling them the truth, of course. That would just get her another shot. And, eventually, maybe a visit to the mental hospital where her mother had stayed. Everyone would think delusions ran in the family. She moved stealthily to the front door, quietly opened it, slipped out. Sometime during the night it had rained and then frozen. Ice hung like dewdrops from the twigs of the hickory tree in the yard. Gillian ducked her head and hurried down the street. She hoped no one was watching, but she had the feeling of eyes staring from between bare branches and out of shadows. At the comer of Hazel and Applebutter she stood with her arms wrapped around the box, hopping a little to keep warm. It’s a lot to ask†¦ It was a lot to ask, especially considering the way she’d treated Amy recently. And it was funny, considering all the new friends she’d made, that it was Amy she turned to instinctively when she was in trouble. But†¦ there was something solid and genuine and good in Amy. And Gillian knew that she would show up. The Geo swung around the corner and skidded to a stop. Typical Amy-without-glasses driving. Then Amy was jumping out, her face turned anxiously toward Gillian’s. Her blue eyes were huge and seemed luminous with tears. And then they were hugging and crying. Both of them. â€Å"I’m so sorry. I’ve been so rotten this last week-â€Å" â€Å"But I was rotten to you before that-â€Å" â€Å"I feel awful. You have every right to be mad at me-â€Å" â€Å"Ever since I heard about the accident, I’ve been so worried.† Gillian pulled back. â€Å"I can’t stay. I don’t have time. And I know how this sounds coming from somebody who hit a pole last night†¦ but I need your car. For one thing, I’ve got to go see David.† Amy nodded, blotting her eyes. â€Å"Say no more.† â€Å"I can drop you off at home-â€Å" â€Å"It’s the wrong way. It won’t hurt me to walk. I want to walk.† Gillian almost laughed. The sight of Amy dabbing her face with her muffler and stamping her foot on the icy sidewalk, determined to walk, warmed her heart. She hugged her again, fast. â€Å"Thank you. I’ll never forget it. And I’ll never be the terrible person I’ve been to you again, at least-â€Å" She broke off and got in the car. She’d been about to finish the sentence â€Å"-at least, if I live through this.† Because she wasn’t at all sure that she would. But the first thing was to get to David. She had to see him with her own eyes. To make sure he was all right†¦ and that he was himself. She gunned the motor and set out for Houghton. How to cite Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 13, Essay examples

Logistics and Supply Chain Management at Starbucks

Question: Discuss about theLogistics and Supply Chain Management at Starbucks. Answer: Introduction The report examines the role of a procurement manager at Starbucks and describes his duty while providing supplier selection criteria and issues faced by the organization. It further describes the role of information technology in delivering designated duties. The report provides information related to the purchasing cost analysis in order to manage the flow of goods while dealing with the suppliers. It analyzes the effectiveness of three aspects of the purchasing manager in marinating the cost of the goods. It is evident that every organization needs to keep a check over the supply chain in order to find the relevant solution to the problem. The purchasing manager is responsible to buy best quality goods and products at a competitive price that enables an organization to operate well (Gencer Grpinar, 2007). Their duty involves working with the different organizations to oversee supply chain management and procurement on a wide scale. It is there duty to effectively negotiate with v arious suppliers and buyers. An efficient purchasing manager helps in increasing profit and saves organization from further losses. There duty is to work in a sustainable environment by managing risk and ethical issues (Ho, Xu Dey, 2010). Companys Overview Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and a chain of coffee house founded in Seattle, Washington in the year 1971. The company operates more than 23,000 stores across globe. Starbucks is considered to be the representative of second wave coffee marking history by providing same quality coffee at different region (Starbucks Company Profile, 2017). The company is known for procuring efficient quality coffee beans through the suppliers who are consistently supplying coffee beams of best quality. The procurement manager has a role to coordinate the functions by choosing the most efficient supplier and to lead an example for the rest on a long run. The procurement manager has a responsibility to keep a check over the regular supply chain at their stores located at different place. Moreover their duty includes keeping an effective relationship with the suppliers in order to manage future sales (Supplier Diversity Programme, 2017). Supplier Selection Criteria and Issues Supplier Selection Criteria Starbucks has been working for more than 40 years and has dedicated itself in inspiring and nurturing human spirit. They have developed an effective relationship with the suppliers through commitment by enhancing the Starbucks experience. As a purchasing manager it is his duty to manage cost, Quality and Safety, Delivery, Service, Social Responsibility and Risk (Ng, 2008). The process of supplier selection is driven by the cross functional team from a different sector in an organization. The common supplier selection criteria include: The previous experience and the past performance with the supplier and the product and service. It depends upon the level of sophistication of the quality system involved while meeting standards set by the company and the regulatory bodies. Their ability to meet the current and potential capacity required to deliver goods and services. Financial stability is essential for an organization while matching the companys standard. The availability of technical support and willingness to participate as a partner while developing long term relationship with the suppliers. To measure the total cost included while dealing with the suppliers. The supplier track record is kept under consideration in order to improve the business performance. The measure related to total cost assessment involved in it. Methods to evaluate the potential of a supplier criteria: Obtaining information related to the quotes as furnished by the supplier. Requesting formal quotes from the supplier as per the specification and requirements. By conducting visits to the supplier in order to select the quality of goods. Confirming with the quality status in order to retrieve proper information as mentioned by the authority (Huang Keskar, 2007). Through discussion with the customers served by the supplier. The purchase manager can review the performable and database of industry in order to serve the correct product line. Evaluation of the various suppliers and issues related to them while dealing with the individual or a group of people. Issue in Supplier Selection Criteria The major issue faced by the purchase manager is while dealing with the group failure. At certain time the organization faces majority of issues that are caused due to implementation puff decision making. At times there is a problem in implementation of the plan as per the requirements which are causing deviation in results. Secondly the overconfidence in the judgment can cause failure in attaining desired results (Christopher, 2016). The market is dynamic and subject to majority of fluctuations that can affect the overall productivity in an organization. Thirdly, relying inappropriately on the rule of thumb may impose major issues on receiving desired results. Starbucks believe in managing an efficient supplier chain in order to attain sustainable result. The motto of the company is to deliver desired growth by ensuring quality coffee beans. For the purpose company is managing its own farms to keep a check over the quality of coffee beans. Lastly it is necessary to keep a follow up measure in order to attain desired results. Maintaining a regular supply chain is an issue for an organization as it has to oversee each and every task related to the particular procedure. The role of purchase manager includes a regular supply of goods in order to attain sustainability (Amindoust, Ahmed, Saghafinia Bahreininejad, 2012). Hence supplier selection is a major issue that cant be ignored if an organization wants to succeed on a long run. It is hence the necessity to look into the procedure while ensuring desired results (Ballou, 2007). ICT for Purchasing Operations Starbucks has focused on supply chain by taking initiative through performing essential role in managing regular stock. Information and communication form to be an important part while managing the supply chain management.ICT is considered to be one of the important components while managing the supply chain management. ICT is used to exchange information in the supply chain. The operational model set is based on six views of enterprise operations that help in managing the internal and external supply chain management. The ICT system at Starbucks is based on managing the purchasing operation. The database is kept by the manager in an effective manner that help in retrieving maximum benefit out of all the process taking place at Starbucks. Starbucks is efficiently using NCR-POS Hardware and In-Store technology to manage the supply chain. The organization is using intelligent restaurant information system to keep a check over the inventory management, labor management, time attendance and financial reporting. It helps in managing the resources. This is considered to be one of the efficient tool to access effective results within the given time period. Recommendation It is necessary for accompany like Starbucks to develop a strong information and communication system in order to receive effective result. Implementing a synchronized single information system will help in managing suppliers. This will however increase the efficacy of an organization in order to retrieve efficiency in managing the record as per the necessity. The supply chain is necessary to be managed in order to attain effective results. Having a synchronized data across the organization helps in managing resources at Starbucks located at different places. ICT system helps the purchase manager to handle the situation in an effective manner by single handling the overall data. Suppliers information is kept under the single domain that help in effectively ascertaining the information according to the requirement. It is necessary for an organization to keep a proper record of the stock and supplier as per the necessity arising in the organization (Fawcett, Ellram Ogden, 2014). Infor mation and technology helps in handling tee complex data and keeps a check over the role of suppliers in attaining efficacy. Computerized shipping and tracking system help in simplifying the whole process and help in reducing the overall shipping errors. The system like TMS, ERP and CRM helps in enabling business owners to consolidate all the aspects of the supply chain management. This softwares help in keeping a synchronized data which help in attaining desired results within the domain. These technologies reduce the overall time spent on shipping, receiving, tracking and compiling order data. This will save the time and money of both the buyer and the supplier (Monczka, et al, 2015). Purchasing Cost Analysis Purchasing is considered to be one of the most important parts of the business to be undertaken in order to ensure that the business is making the best usage of money earned. Purchase analysis is a process through which the cost related to the purchases is necessary to be decided in advance. The strategy related to purchases and inventory management need to be kept at an optimum level in respect with the suppliers. The analysis is managed by keeping coordination with the size of the company. The bigger organization involves more critical issue as compared with the small organizations (Stadtler, 2015). The cost analysis is the first thing conducted by the supplier that reflects the actual cost to purchase the cost. There are numerous overhead cost involved with the delivery of goods that cause hindrance in attaining required results. A full procurement analysis helps in analyzing the total cost of purchase from a particular supplier (Lambert, 2008). Inventory Analysis The next important part while managing the supplier is related to management of the inventory. The cost of storing and the cost of not having an item need to be kept efficiently. The optimum inventory level is necessary to be kept in the organization in order to avoid negative influence on sales and productivity. At Starbucks it has become evident to manage machines in order to keep a check over it. Cost analysis is necessary for Starbucks to efficiently utilization of the cost efficient tools (Van Weele, 2009). Purchasing cost analysis is a necessary role played by the purchasing manger by considering the most important tools in dealing with the problems occurring at the organization. Firstly it is necessary to focus on the cost charged by the supplier in order to avoid the unexplained cost (Mangan, Lalwani Lalwani, 2016). It is the duty of the purchase manager to keep a check over the price trends in order to attain possible growth. It is mandatory for Starbucks to conduct a specific cost breakdown analysis in order to manage the critical situations. Cost analysis is a complex process and requires breakdown of the product in order to manage the data in an effective manner. Keeping an open line of communication with the supplier will help in evaluating the data in a proper manner which will ensure proper growth. Starbucks is a renowned organization known across the globe for its specialized coffee. They have attained effectiveness by implementing the purchasing cost analytical tools in ord er to generate revenue (Wisner, Tan Leong,2014). Purchasing cost analysis needed to be implemented at each level by focusing on all the cost that s involved while estimating the cost of a product. Starbucks has efficiently achieved desired targets by focusing upon the cost analysis (Chopra Meindl, 2007). Conclusion The report incorporates the role of purchasing manager at Starbucks. It includes all the necessary supplier selection criteria that is necessary for an organization to attain sustainable results. Starbucks is a renowned coffee chain known for its exquisite flavors of coffee. It has become important for the company to choose the suppliers to minimize the cost. This will help in reducing the overall cost charged by the supplier on the company. The role of information and technology is equally important for an organization in order to maintain a regular supply chain. This process is necessary to be incorporated to achieve desired results. The coffee beans at Starbucks are imported from the African countries which are managed on the standard made by Starbucks. The last part of the report describes the purchasing cost analysis which is necessary to keep a check over the cost of a commodity. It is necessary to manage each and every activity at Starbucks in order to attain desired results. References Amindoust, A., Ahmed, S., Saghafinia, A., Bahreininejad, A. (2012). Sustainable supplier selection: A ranking model based on fuzzy inference system.Applied Soft Computing,12(6), 1668-1677. Ballou, R. H. (2007).Business logistics/supply chain management: planning, organizing, and controlling the supply chain. Pearson Education India. Chopra, S., Meindl, P. (2007). Supply chain management. Strategy, planning operation. InDas summa summarum des management(pp. 265-275). Gabler. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Fawcett, S. E., Ellram, L. M., Ogden, J. A. (2014).Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson. Gencer, C., Grpinar, D. (2007). Analytic network process in supplier selection: A case study in an electronic firm.Applied mathematical modelling,31(11), 2475-2486. Ho, W., Xu, X., Dey, P. K. (2010). Multi-criteria decision making approaches for supplier evaluation and selection: A literature review.European Journal of operational research,202(1), 16-24. Huang, S. H., Keskar, H. (2007). Comprehensive and configurable metrics for supplier selection.International journal of production economics,105(2), 510-523. Lambert, D. M. (2008).Supply chain management: processes, partnerships, performance. Supply Chain Management Inst. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Lalwani, C. L. (2016).Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Ng, W. L. (2008). An efficient and simple model for multiple criteria supplier selection problem.European Journal of Operational Research,186(3), 1059-1067. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Starbucks Company Profile,(2017). Retrieved from: https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information/starbucks-company-profile Accessed on: 16 February 2017 Supplier Diversity Programme,(2017). Retrieved from: https://www.starbucks.com/responsibility/sourcing/suppliers Accessed on: 16 February 2017 Van Weele, A. J. (2009).Purchasing supply chain management: analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Unjust People Rectification Essays - Deontological Ethics, Justice

Unjust People Rectification Robert Nozick, in his essay Rights and the Entitlement Theory, discusses the rights of individuals and just acquisition. He makes it clear that these rights and/or acquisitions cannot be taken away by anyone, either by an individual or by a collective identity such as the state. Individual people and the state have an obligation to not interfere with one's rights or just acquisitions. As long as one does not interfere with another's life and intrinsic rights then no one else shall interfere with another's life, it is a reciprocal obligation. Furthermore, the government should be involved minimally in the life of the individual. According to Nozick, the state should be "...limited to the narrow functions of protection against force, theft, fraud, enforcement of contracts, and so on..."(p. 210). Also, according to Nozick each individual has the right to choose what to do with what one has, as long as it was acquired justly. Therefore, if a freely organized group of people owned a (communal) house, assuming they acquired it justly, what would give anyone else the right to take it away and redistribute it? (And moreover, in this specific instance what other rights and/or just acquisitions are violated?) In 1993 the administration at Denison University decided to make the fraternity houses non-residential. Fraternity members that had acquired the houses justly would no longer be able to live in them. I believe the acquisition of the houses from one generation to the next was just because initially someone financed the house, and then through initiation to the fraternity, and thus through a belief in the fraternity's ideals, they "earned" residency in the house. Moreover, they paid for utilities, upkeep, and basic needs of the house. Despite this just acquisition the school, or government in this example, according to Nozick unjustly"took" back the houses. This leads to the essay A Theory of Justice, by John Rawls. In his essay Rawls discusses the principles of justice and equality in society. Rawls wants everyone to start in a specific hypothetical situation with two principles of justice, among other things. The first principle is as follows: "each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others" (p. 551). And, the second principle is as follows: "social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both (a) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage, and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all" (p. 551). According to the first principle everyone has the right to basic liberties; included in these liberties is "...freedom of the person along with the right to hold (personal) property; and freedom from arbitrary arrest and seizure..." (p. 551). The dilemma arises again, how does the University account for the seizure and redistribution of an organization's private property? For Rawls, the first principle comes before the second, "[T]his ordering means that a departure from the institutions of equal liberty required by the first principle cannot be justified by, or compensated for, by greater social and economic advantages" (p. 551). Here, I believe it is evident that the University, out of benefit of better social and economic advantages, unjustifiably seized the fraternity houses. The University benefited economically because they could use the fraternity houses to accommodate students; and they benefited socially because "frats" were no longer a central theme in Denison society. According to both Rawls and Nozick the school had no right in seizing the houses. Moreover, according to Nozick the state, Denison University Administrators, is supposed to be protecting against such unjust acts. This is the most evident violation of basic rights within this example, however there is a more serious violation of basic rights that many seem to overlook. In Nozick's theory of rights and entitlement is the notion of side constraints. "Side constraints upon action reflect the underlying Kantian principle that individuals are ends and not merely means; they may not be sacrificed or used for the achieving of other ends without their consent" (p. 210). In terms of my example I believe the University was exploiting the fraternities as "ends and not merely means," because they used the fraternities for their own means without consent. While at the same time they deprived the fraternities of the means by which they had been working towards some end. Yet another aspect of Nozick's essay comes to the surface here, the notion that each person is free from any interference concerning the pursuit of one's own life (p. 209). It seems, according to the above-mentioned

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Managing a value Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing a value Chain - Essay Example The concept of value chain was conceived by Michael Porter in his book 'Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Advantage' "The value chain analysis describes the activities the organization performs and links them to the organizations competitive position." (Porter, 2001). A value chain consists of inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. The support system consists of the infrastructure of the organization, HR management, level of technology and ability in procurement. The end result of all these factors is either profit or loss for the organization. It is intended to take up the Case Study of US soft drink conglomerate Coca Cola, which are the largest soft beverage manufacturer and distributor. It had its humble beginning during the later half of the 19th Century with an initial investment of just US $ 70. This business enterprise has now risen into a giant empire with a capital base of US $ 50 billions. Coca Cola has made itself a popular name in more than 200 destinations in the world, with over 400 varieties of products, and is now a established market leader in the soft drinks scenario. Its other brands include Diet Cola, Fanta, and Sprite. The main marketing strategies being currently adopted by Coca Cola Company are through attractive functional bottling of different sizes and massive advertising coverage media. Inward and outward logistics and marketing:Coca-Cola plans to combine with SAP Technologies to create applications for enhanced and improved outboard logistics for its products. This would ensure a greater commitment and show of business competence on the part of its merchandizers, store managers and others responsible for distribution at its outlets. The Company has also spend nearly a year combining 3 North American business units- Coca Cola North America, Fountain and Minute Maid into an integrated unit in order to save costs and enhance efficiencies. It is widely believed by Coca Cola insiders that the combine of Coca Cola Enterprises with SAP is strategically designed to develop software programs which have the potential to control pricing, promotion of products and other marketing and merchandizer efforts to be integrated into SAP Applications (Foley and Kontzer, 2004). Other secondary activities: Sports sponsorships &cultural interactions: The Coca-Cola Group has felt it necessary to seek other brand building exercises to increase consumer awareness and promote healthy social and cultural interactions with the local communities as part of rendering social and cultural responsiblities . By combining brand building with sponsorship of world standard events, high degree of exposure to local markets, and by investing heavily in secondary activities, like Sports Meets, the brand image of Coca Cola is sought to be enhanced and the vibrant and ennervating aspects of this soft drink is shown to blend well with the passion and endurance needed for to participate and compete in global sports and cultural events. "By positioning Coca-Cola as an icon and leading brand that mentally and physically boost consumers", the aspects of associaton with major sporting events are reinforced. (Case Study: Coca-Cola: The Coca-Cola Brand and sponsorship). Coca Cola has been the official sponsors of the Olympic Games since the Sydney Olympics 2000.It have also contracted to